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Published in Michael L. Madigan, HAZMAT Guide for First Responders, 2017
Anthrax—Bacillus anthracis (N or TR)Brucellosis (bovine)—Brucella abortusBrucellosis (caprine)—Brucella melitensis (AM or BX)Brucellosis (porcine)—Brucella suis (US, AB, or NX)Cholera—Vibrio cholerae (HO)Diphtheria—Corynebacterium diphtheriae (DK)Dysentery (bacterial)—Shigella dysenteries, some species of Escherichia coli (Y)Glanders—Burkholderia mallei (LA)Listeriosis—Listeria monocytogenes (TQ)Melioidosis—Burkholderia pseudo mallei (HI)Plague—Yersinia pestis (LE)Tularemia—Francisella tularensis (SR or JT)
Nanosensors for Homeland Security
Published in Vinod Kumar Khanna, Nanosensors, 2021
The absorbance of the blue dye is measured with a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 670 nm. The sensor shows a wide dynamic range: 1.5 × 103 to 1.5 × 108 CFU/mL. The relationship between the absorbance and the logarithm of the Brucella abortus concentration is linear. The limit of detection is 450 CFU/mL. The assay shows no deterioration in performance after repetition up to 120 days, showing the stability of the conjugated nanoparticles. In a mixture of different bacteria, the assay shows the highest absorbance for Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis, confirming its specificity (Shams and Zarif 2019).
A novel approach in public health surveillance: searching the illegal dairy trade in Facebook
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Rafael Fagnani, Beatriz dos Santos Bueno, Rafael Mikio Itida, Juliana Arena Galhardo, Rogério Luiz Vanot
Regarding the second most popular dairy product sold on the retail market, butter together with others fatty dairy products are the main threats regarding brucellosis once Brucella abortus have an affinity for milk fat globules. The higher the level of fat, the greater the risk of transmission. This issue can be intensified if the butter (or cream) was not cooked or baked, which allows that viable cells of Brucella abortus be ingested (Kaden et al. 2018).
Investigation of Dependency of Boric Acid and Lithium Metaborate Induced Yeast Toxicity on the Expressions of Antioxidative and Apoptotic Genes
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Berna Kavakcıoğlu Yardımcı, Zehra Mollaoğlu, Fatih Altıntaş, Ayşenur Güler
A metalloid boron (B) element in group 3A of the periodic table has the ability to form complexes with significant organic groups and is not found in pure form in nature, but as oxygenated compounds due to its high oxygen affinity [1]. Boric acid (BA) is the most important compound of B and is formulated as B(OH)3 or H3BO3 [2–4]. This compound offers a wide range of industrial applications including fiberglass production, eyeglass lens making, ceramic works, fireproof and airtight fabric production, flame retardant in wood, detergent and soap production, nickel plating baths, hardening of steel, welding melting, brazing of copper, and production of borate [5]. It is also widely used as food preservative, fungal controller in citrus fruits, moderate antiseptic, and in pomades as a result of broad-spectrum toxic effects on microorganisms [6–10]. It is well known for years that BA inhibits proliferations of various bacteria such as Brucella abortus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter and Citrobacter spp, Morganella and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus besides pathogenic fungal Candida species [11–15]. Nevertheless, the mechanism of action of BA, especially against fungi, is not fully known. In this regard, the unicellular eukaryotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has become a useful model organism with its high BA tolerance to investigate the detailed action mechanism of BA [16]. It was formerly stated that the membrane proteins BOR1, DUR3, and FPS1 involve in tolerance to BA and the maintenance of the protoplasmic B concentration [17]. We came across another literature that showed that yeast cells signal cell wall stress through the Slt2p pathway and increase chitin synthesis in response to BA treatment, most probably to repair cell wall damage [18]. The functioning of high osmolarity/glycerol signaling, the trehalose synthesis pathway and the superoxide dismutase enzyme are essential for BA resistance in S. cerevisiae [19]. Additionally, in our previous work, the toxic effects of BA and lithium metaborate (LMB), which is one of the industrially widely used salts of BA, were investigated besides their effects on superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation levels, and cell surface morphology [20].