China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Breast imaging
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Evaluation of invasive breast cancer prior to surgery. MRI can evaluate disease extent, and unsuspected additional foci of disease within the same or contralateral breast. Current NICE guidelines recommend MRI in patients with invasive breast cancer where there is a discrepancy in the results of other imaging modalities and/or clinical assessment, in dense breasts and to assess tumour size in patients with invasive lobular cancer who are potential candidates for breast conserving surgery [34]. The extent of the disease and breast size are both factors in assessing treatment options such as lumpectomy or mastectomy. Breast conserving surgery (lumpectomy) is the preferred choice for many women, and overall outcome when combined with radiation therapy is the same as mastectomy although rates of local recurrence are slightly higher after lumpectomy [35].
Applications of X-Ray Diffraction Imaging in Medicine
Published in Joel Greenberg, Krzysztof Iniewski, X-Ray Diffraction Imaging, 2018
Other than imaging whole breasts, another potential clinical application of XRD imaging that exploits its ability to detect breast cancer is intra-operative margin detection. One of the options available to breast cancer patients is to receive a breast conserving surgery (BCS) (a.k.a. lumpectomy) in which only the breast tumor is removed rather than the entire breast. In order to ensure the success of a lumpectomy procedure, the surgeon must confirm that the entire breast tumor was removed from the patient by identifying that there is a margin of healthy tissue around the tumor in the resected specimen. This margin detection task is currently performed using histological techniques (Cendán et al. 2005) that under-sample the surface of the tumor (Laughney et al. 2012; Carter 1986). As a result, in cases of 20% to 70% of lumpectomy patients, the margin detection gives a false negative result and the patient must return to the operating room for a repeat surgery (Jacobs 2008). XRD imaging offers the possibility to improve the treatment outcomes for these patients due to its ability to spatially resolve and classify cancerous breast tissue.
Current status of biopsy markers for the breast in clinical settings
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Elian A. Martin, Neeraj Chauhan, Vijian Dhevan, Elias George, Partha Laskar, Meena Jaggi, Subhash C. Chauhan, Murali M. Yallapu
The major disadvantage of breast tissue marker is that it migrates away from the biopsy placement upon implementation. To minimize such clinical drawbacks, dedicated research efforts have put forward the development of alternative medical products. SAVI SCOUT® radar localization technology that is comprised of a reflector the size of a grain of rice. The salient feature of such implants include that they are not externally visible and do not affect patients’ movements. This reflector is safe and passive until activated. The prime advantage of SAVI SCOUT is seen during breast conserving surgery (partial mastectomy/lumpectomy) because it requires a smaller incision and is less painful, more precise, and allows for speedier recovery [87]. Alike SAVI SCOUT® but smaller in size can benefit further as breast biopsy markers. Another well-known localization marker is Magseed® which is a magnetic seed localization designed to simplify breast cancer surgery. Such markers can be easily probed by Sentimag, which works like a GPS to guide the exact location and direction of the tumors. It is often placed by radiologists well before surgery [88]. However, it is important to point out that magnetic/RFID-based wire localization marker seeds would be high in cost relative to traditional methods reported in this article.
A prototype 3D modelling and visualisation pipeline for improved decision-making in breast reconstruction surgery
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2022
Sara Amini, Marta Kersten-Oertel
In 2020, more than 2 million new patients were diagnosed with breast cancer, making it the most common type of cancer in women (Sung, et al., 2021). Treatment options for breast cancer include: chemotherapy, radiotherapy, breast-conserving surgery and mastectomy. Mastectomy surgery, i.e. removal of breast tissue, is suggested for women who have a family history of breast cancer to avoid cancer (i.e. prophylactic mastectomy), patients who have recurrent cancer in the same breast, or in instances where breast-conserving surgery is not a possibility (DeSantis, et al., 2019). According to the National Cancer Database (NCDB, 2021), in 2018 more than 100,000 patients had a total mastectomy in the US alone. Many of these patients choose to have breast reconstruction surgery using an implant to restore the breast’s lost shape and volume. A breast implant is a silicone pocket filled with silicone gel or saline. There are a variety of implants available in different sizes and shapes, and typically the surgeon and the patient will agree on an implant to be used in a pre-surgery decision-making process.
Plant mediated synthesis of AgNPs and its applications: an overview
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2021
Aswathi Shyam, Smitha Chandran S., Bini George, Sreelekha E.
AuNPs can be used for both imaging and cancer treatment. The main characteristics of gold nanoparticles include the variation of size, shape, and structure and can be used for different treatment purposes. AuNPs demonstrate magnificent photothermal activities when in the form of hollow nanospheres and nanocages. In cancer patients, especially breast cancer patients increase in radiation dose is very vital in the treatment protocol and especially for those patients who had completed breast conserving surgery and need continuous radiation for a local recurrence. Hainfield et al. first developed the use of AuNPs to enhance radiation dose. To the thighs of mice having EMT-6 mammary carcinomas, 1.9 nm AuNPs were injected and then irradiated the tumor later. The mice showed tumors that are small and higher survival rates of 1 year. Earlier, external beam radiation therapy for cancer treatment used KV radiations but Megavoltage is preferred more as it can penetrate deeply into the body tissues without accumulating larger doses within the subcutaneous tissues and skin.[87]