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General Thermography
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Sinusitis is an inflammation of the mucosa of one or more of the paranasal sinuses. Acute sinusitis lasts up to four weeks and is almost always of viral or allergic origin; it may develop into chronic bacterial sinusitis, which typically lasts at least 12 consecutive weeks and may persist for years. The disease progresses in the following manner: The ostium of the sinus becomes obstructed from mucosal swelling due to a virus or allergy. The air within the sinus is then absorbed by the mucosal surface, creating a painful negative pressure in the sinus. If the ostium is not reopened, a transudate fluid begins to fill the cavity, providing a medium for bacterial growth. The bacteria attract an exudate of white blood cells and serum, which creates a painful (and dangerous) positive pressure within the sinus.72 Bacterial sinusitis is not a benign disease. Serious complications may arise such as periorbital infections, meningitis, and brain abscess.73
Investigation of mechanistic interactions between Rifampicin and bovine serum albumin in the presence of different surfactants
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
Sampat R. Shingda, Parvez S. Ali, Nilesh V. Gandhare, Naziyanaz B. Pathan, Nizamul H. Ansari
Rifampicin (Figure 1) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in various gram-positive cocci, Mycobacteria, Clostridium difficle, and selected gram-negative organisms, namely Neisseria meningitides, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Haemophilus influenzae. It has several application in the treatment of active or suppressed tuberculosis, leprosy, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, brain abscess, meningitis, and implant infections in combinations with other antimicrobial agents to prevent the drug resistance. It is also beneficial as a second-line agent for the treatment of cholestatic pruritis.[1–3] The mode of antimicrobial action of Rifampicin is by inhibition of DNA dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) by sterically hindering the track of the lengthening RNA at the 5′ end and by lessening the affinity of the RNAP for short RNA transcripts.[4–6] At present, there is less information available on the pharmacokinetics properties and pharmacodynamics parameters of Rifampicin and studies are going on for the improvement. Mechanistic interaction of drugs with serum albumin protein is a vital feature affecting the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics parameters. Human Serum albumin (HSA) is the most ample protein in the blood circulatory system playing indispensable roles in drug absorption, transportation, distribution, and excretion.[7,8]
Occupational CNS aspergillosis in an immunocompetent individual a diagnostic challange
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2018
Parul Punia, Nidhi Goel, Ishwar Singh, Uma Chaudhary
There have been very few case reports of IA without any primary source of infection with our reported case contributing to the list. The portal of entry of aspergillus spp. is via inhalation of spores. In the immunosupperesed individuals, the primary site of infection is the lungs and in the immunocompetent individuals, the primary site involved is the paranasal sinuses. After the primary infection, the fate depends on the immune status of the individual. If the host defenses are compromised, CNS gets involved secondarily through hematogenous spread or through direct invasion from adjacent structures leading to formation of granuloma, brain abscess or meningitis.8 Though this patient gives history of working in area with extensive construction which may explain the source of infection to be inhalation of conidia but he had no primary foci in the lungs or paranasal sinuses.
Trichoderma after crossing kingdoms: infections in human populations
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2023
Uener Ribeiro dos Santos, Jane Lima dos Santos
Cases of trichodermosis involve symptomatic patients. The spectrum of diseases induced by Trichoderma encompasses keratitis (n = 26) (Alkatan, Athmanathan, and Canites 2012; An et al. 2016; Gharamah et al. 2014; Hatvani et al. 2019; He et al. 2016; Hodkin and Gustus 2018; Mergen et al. 2019; Mohd-Tahir et al. 2012; Wang et al. 2009), invasive infections (n = 16) (Alanio et al. 2008; Borjian Boroujeni et al. 2021; Chouaki et al. 2002; Chretien et al. 2016; Dong et al. 2019; Furukawa et al. 1998; Jacobs et al. 1992; Kantarcioglu et al. 2009; Myoken et al. 2002; Santillan Salas et al. 2011; Sautour et al. 2018; Slavin et al. 2015; Verrier et al. 2015; Yu et al. 2021; Zhou et al. 2020), peritonitis (n = 15) (Aroca, Piontelli, and Cruz 2004; Bren 1998; Campos-Herrero et al. 1996; Eşel et al. 2003; Guiserix et al. 1996; Lee et al. 2007; Loeppky et al. 1983; Naeimi et al. 2022; Ragnaud et al. 1984; Rota et al. 2000; Tanis et al. 1995), pulmonary infections including pneumonia (n = 10) (Akagi et al. 2017; De Miguel et al. 2005; Druzhinina et al. 2007; Escudero Gil, Pino Corral, and Muñóz Muñóz 1976; Festuccia et al. 2014; Georgakopoulou et al. 2021; Kviliute et al. 2008; Naeimi et al. 2022), allergic sinusitis (n = 5) (Alroqi 2021; Cardoso et al. 2015; Tang et al. 2003), disseminated infections (n = 5) (Gautheret et al. 1995; Guarro et al. 1999; Ranque et al. 2008; Richter et al. 1999; Stelzmueller et al. 2008), skin infection (n = 5) (Kredics et al. 2003; Lipový et al. 2021; Munoz et al. 1997; Román-Soto, Álvarez-Rojas, and García-Rodríguez 2019; Trabelsi, Hariga, and Khaled 2010), endocarditis (n = 4) (Bustamante-Labarta et al. 2000; Hatvani et al. 2019; Rodríguez Peralta et al. 2013; Tascini et al. 2016), fungaemia (n = 4) (Kredics et al. 2006; Lagrange-Xélota et al. 2008; Naeimi et al. 2022; Robertson 1970), otitis (n = 2) (Hatvani et al. 2019; Hennequin et al. 2000), sinusitis (n = 2) (Kredics et al. 2003; Molnár-Gábor et al. 2013), allergic bronchopulmonary infection (n = 1) (Khan et al. 2001), bilateral endogenous endophthalmitis (n = 1) (Al-Shehri, Aljohani, and Semidey 2021), brain abscess (n = 1) (Seguin et al. 1995), infection in the cerebrospinal fluid (n = 1) (Piens et al. 2004), in the urinary (n = 1) (Chakraborty et al. 2015) and gastrointestinal tract (n = 1) (Naeimi et al. 2022), heart infection (n = 1) (Hatvani et al. 2019), pericarditis (n = 1) (Recio et al. 2019), rhinosinusitis (n = 1) (Kredics et al. 2006) and subdural infection (n = 1) (Amato et al. 2002).