China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
MOF-based Electrochemical Sensors for Biological Macromolecule Sensing
Published in Ram K. Gupta, Tahir Rasheed, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Muhammad Bilal, Metal-Organic Frameworks-Based Hybrid Materials for Environmental Sensing and Monitoring, 2022
Peihong Tong, Yongjuan Meng, Jianping Li
T4 polynucleotide kinase (PNK) can catalyze the phosphorylation of the 5’-hydroxyl ends of polynucleotides, which is associated with diseases such as Werner syndrome and Bloom syndrome. Song et al. [62] constructed a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for the detection of T4 PNK based on zwitterionic peptides and Fe-MOF materials. Firstly, the peptides and capture DNA1 were immobilized on the gold electrode by the self-assembly method. In the presence of a target T4 PNK, the 5’- hydroxyl terminal of the hairpin DNA was phosphorylated, then it was cleaved by λ-Exo to release single-stranded DNA2, which triggered the sandwich hybrid chain reaction, and the AuNPs/Fe-MOF nanocomposites connected to DNA3 were selectively attached to the surface of the electrode. Finally, Fe3+ in Fe-MOF reacted with K4Fe(CN)6 to form electroactive Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3, which then generated a strong electrical signal for indirect detection of T4 PNK. The detection limit was as low as 3.5 ×10-4 U/mL.
The potential interaction of environmental pollutants and circadian rhythm regulations that may cause leukemia
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2022
Francisco Alejandro Lagunas-Rangel, Błażej Kudłak, Wen Liu, Michael J. Williams, Helgi B. Schiöth
Leukemia has a multifactorial origin, where different genetic, nutritional and environmental conditions called risk factors act together to promote its development. Several risk factors of different etiologies have been associated with the development of leukemia and each type of leukemia has a predilection for certain types of factors. These include genetic syndromes, including Down syndrome, Bloom syndrome, Fanconi anemia, ataxia telangiectasia and neurofibromatosis, all of which increase the risk of childhood ALL and AML (Belson et al., 2007; Davis et al., 2014). People exposed to ionizing radiation, either accidentally such as survivors of an atomic bomb explosion, or those exposed through work-related causes, are at increased risk of developing ALL, AML, and CML (Belson et al., 2007; Buffler et al., 2005; Davis et al., 2014). A history of hematological malignancies is also considered a risk factor since these can progress or lead to the subsequent development of leukemias (Belson et al., 2007). Occupational and environmental exposure to benzene (a chemical used in the manufacture of paints and plastics, as well as being released by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels) is an established risk factor for leukemia, particularly adult AML (Belson et al., 2007; Buffler et al., 2005; Davis et al., 2014; Vinceti et al., 2012). There are contrasting reports on the role of parental smoking in the development of childhood leukemia, but there is growing evidence of a relationship between smoking and susceptibility to developing AML, although it is not yet conclusive (Belson et al., 2007; Buffler et al., 2005). Exposure to pesticides in the early stages of development, such as in utero and in the first three years of life, has been associated with an increased risk of childhood ALL. Likewise, an increased risk of developing childhood leukemia has been linked to greater exposure to air pollutants, particularly particulate matter with diameters of 10 microns (PM10) and 1,3-butadiene (Filippini et al., 2019; Vinceti et al., 2012). Meanwhile, Epstein-Barr virus positive mothers were associated with a significantly higher risk of ALL in their children (Belson et al., 2007; Buffler et al., 2005; Davis et al., 2014). Obesity has also been linked to an increased risk for developing leukemia and with circadian desynchrony (Davis et al., 2014; Laermans & Depoortere, 2016).