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Published in Valerio Voliani, Nanomaterials and Neoplasms, 2021
Nardine S. Abadeer, Catherine J. Murphy
A report by Tong et al. [98] investigated the mechanism of photothermal injury to malignant KB cells in vitro using folate-functionalized gold nanorods (length 46.5 nm, AR 3.7, λmax = 765 nm). Cells were incubated with the gold nanorods for 6 h to maximize binding to cellular surfaces or 17 h to ensure intracellular delivery to the perinuclear region. CW laser irradiation (765 nm, 6–60 mW, 81.4 s) was carried out to induce photothermal damage. Interestingly, the cells with internalized gold nanorods required 60 mW laser intensity versus only 6 mW for surface-bound nanorods. This demonstrated that nanoparticle location in or on cells was a critical factor in the success of photothermal heating, with the surface-bound gold nanorods being the more effective photothermal transducers. Ethidium bromide staining revealed that cell death was due to membrane cavitation by gold nanorods. Furthermore, actin staining demonstrated disruption of actin filaments by an influx of extracellular Ca2+, resulting in extensive membrane blebbing [98]. Blebbing is the result of disruption of the connections between the cell membrane [99] and cytoskeleton and was proposed to be the cause of cell death via apoptosis [98].
Imaging Cell Adhesion and Migration
Published in Margarida M. Barroso, Xavier Intes, In Vivo, 2020
Chandrani Mondal, Julie Di Martino, Jose Javier Bravo-Cordero
Another type of motility, referred to as blebbing, can be used by cells to move across extracellular matrices. In this type of contraction-based movement, the flow of cytosol pushes the membrane to form a bleb, which facilitates the movement of the cell (Paluch and Raz, 2013). For the purpose of this chapter, we will focus on actin-driven protrusions, as described above.
Biological studies and computational modeling of two new copper complexes derived from β-diketones and their nano-complexes
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2019
Rahime Eshaghi Malekshah, Mehdi Salehi, Maciej Kubicki, Ali Khaleghian
Apoptosis, a cellular suicide program induced by compounds, is one of the considerations in the drug development for several decades [31]. According to cytotoxic agents, cell death may occur via several methods. The mechanisms of cells death can be divided into two general types: necrosis and apoptosis. Apoptosis cells are generally described by blebbing of the plasma membrane, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, and changes in chromatin condensation. In necrotic cell death, the cells undergo cell lysis and lose their membrane integrity, followed by severe inflammation -33. Apoptotic and necrotic cells can be distinguished using the fluorescence microscopy after being stained with AO/EB solution. Zhao et al. studied the apoptosis assay against BEL-7402 cell line and showed the green and red cells containing apoptotic and necrotic cells [31]. These results show that MKN-45 cells die through apoptosis induced by compounds. A comparison between nano-complexes with complexes 1 and 2 suggests that nano-compounds 3 and 4 have a more effective necrotic activity than complexes 1 and 2 under the identical conditions (Figure 9). So, the number of necrotic cells increased obviously with a decrease in the size of complexes. Furthermore, this behavior is desired for the inhibition of the replication and transcription of DNA through intercalation mechanism.
The protective effect of stilbenes resveratrol and pterostilbene individually and combined with mycotoxin citrinin in human adenocarcinoma HT-29 cell line in vitro
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2020
Ivana Spevakova, Maria-Luisa Fernandez-Cruz, Katarina Tokarova, Hana Greifova, Marcela Capcarova
HT-29 cells were treated with the different concentrations of mycotoxin and polyphenolic compounds for 24 h. After this incubation period, the morphological changes in the cells were examined using inverted light microscopy. The cells displayed changes that are known to be associated to apoptosis including membrane blebbing, cellular shrinkage and formation of apoptotic bodies (Figure 7).