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Metabolic Engineering of Yeast, Zymomonas mobilis, and Clostridium thermocellum to Increase Yield of Bioethanol
Published in Ayerim Y. Hernández Almanza, Nagamani Balagurusamy, Héctor Ruiz Leza, Cristóbal N. Aguilar, Bioethanol, 2023
S. Sánchez-Muñoz, M. J. Castro-Alonso, F. G. Barbosa, E. Mier-Alba, T. R. Balbino, D. Rubio-Ribeaux, I. O. Hernández-De Lira, J. C. Santos, C. N. Aguilar, S. S. Da Silva
Bioprocesses are used to produce pharmaceuticals, enzymes, vaccines, foods, flavors, pigments, polymers, amino acids, fuels, and other important chemical molecules [17, 18]. Briefly, a bioprocess usually consists of feedstock preparation and pretreatment (upstream process), fermentation or biocatalysis (core process), and separation for product recovery and purification (downstream process) [19, 20]. Also, it could involve genetic engineering for the manipulation of plants, animals, and microorganisms such as yeasts, bacteria, and fungi, since those microorganisms may not be able or well-performed for the production of our desired product [19, 21, 22]. Furthermore, the metabolic characteristics of living organisms often impose challenges on bioprocessing, thus a wide study of cells is always an important prerequisite for successful engineering design [17].
Bioreactor Scale-Up Strategies
Published in S Rangabhashiyam, V Ponnusami, Pardeep Singh, Biotechnological Approaches in Waste Management, 2023
Aayush Kumar Choudhary, A. Ayush Kumar, Ojshwi Prakash, Godwin Glivin, N. Kalaiselvan, H. Hareesh Krishnan, M Premalatha, V. Mariappan, Joseph Sekhar
Single-use bioreactors have sprung to the horizon in recent years as one of the highly rated design concepts and a new generation utility idea (Rout et al., 2021). The surge of technology aims to address the process development problems in the initial stages, quality and regulatory issues, economic efficiency, and time to market. Bag technology forms the key basis of this concept where bags of hundreds of litres are placed on a tilting apparatus for passing oxygen and effective agitation. These single-use bioreactors include several potential advantages of reduced procedures for cleaning operations, easier adaptation to dynamic process demands, and lower risks of contamination. The stage of setting up a bioprocess from a low to a larger scale is referred to as the scale-up operation. The optimal conditions obtained in the small bioreactors need to be translated proportionately to the large bioreactors (Junne & Neubauer, 2018).
Metabolic Engineering
Published in Jean F. Challacombe, Metabolic Pathway Engineering, 2021
Bioprocess (or biochemical) engineering focuses on the design, construction, and application of processes involving biological organisms or organic molecules. The applications of bioprocess engineering include the mass production of biofuels, food, biopolymers, industrial enzymes, and pharmaceuticals, as well as the development of advanced biotechnology and water treatment processes [49–51]. To develop microbial systems that can effectively produce desired products involves the design and development of microbial cell factories and improved bioprocesses to facilitate the production of industrial compounds [49, 52, 53]. Optimizing a microbial cell might involve adding multiple traits to the genome and/or generating the right conditions to express a desired phenotype. Transcriptome profiling can be implemented in combination with fluxome analysis and this approach has been used to improve the production of microbial natural products for pharmaceutical use [54]. Transcriptome analysis can be used to identify transcriptional regulators, which can be manipulated to optimize the production of bulk chemicals such as succinate [55]. The application of transcriptome analysis in bioprocess engineering provides an increased understanding of cellular regulation on a global level, which can be exploited to understand (and then optimize) the responses of cells to their environment or to genetic perturbations [52].
Extractive fermentation for process integration of protease production by Aspergillus tamarii Kita UCP1279 and purification by PEG-Citrate Aqueous Two-Phase System
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2022
Raniele Oliveira Alves, Rodrigo Lira de Oliveira, Osmar Soares da Silva, Ana Lúcia Figueiredo Porto, Camila Souza Porto, Tatiana Souza Porto
A bioprocess is formed by a sequential matrix of multiple unit operations that are composed of the upstream and downstream processes.[4] This last one is a particularly important step and consists in the purification and separation of biomolecules of interest. Protein processing requires many steps for purification due to the complex material. Therefore, the demand for an economical and high-yield method for purification is increasing over time. In the submerged fermentation, in the lag phase the enzyme concentration is low, but in the log phase, the maximum enzyme concentration can be observed, which inhibits the growth of microorganisms, inhibits the product and reduces the enzyme yield.[5,6]