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Thin Layer Chromatography
Published in Grinberg Nelu, Rodriguez Sonia, Ewing’s Analytical Instrumentation Handbook, Fourth Edition, 2019
Łukasz Cieśla, Monika Waksmundzka-Hajnos, Joseph Sherma
A variety of biological detection methods are available for compound detection. As previously mentioned, effect-directed analysis, focused on the detection and identification of biologically active compounds, has become one of the most extensively developing areas of TLC application. All the advantages of TLC and its hyphenations with different spectroscopic techniques (especially MS) have been used to detect and identify new antimicrobials, inhibitors of selected enzymes, and antioxidants. New solutions and applications are introduced nearly every year. The most astonishing thing in biological detection, after TLC separation, is the fact of how perfectly this separation technique is suited for using living organisms (bacteria and fungi) or organic macromolecules (enzymes, e.g., acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase, α- and β-glucosidase, lipase, tyrosinase, or xanthine oxidase). TLC is an ideal technique for screening complex matrices, e.g., plant extracts, for the presence of potential drug leads. TLC is the only chromatographic technique enabling the detection of antimicrobial compounds. Several bacterial strains have been shown to be able to grow directly on TLC plates (direct bioautography). Bioluminescent bacteria are used for screening plant extracts for presence of antibacterial secondary metabolites, as well as to check samples for toxic compounds. Camag offers the BioLuminizer® system (Figure 30.14) to detect bioluminescence on TLC surface.
Colloidal Chemical Properties of Biological Nanosystems
Published in Victor M. Starov, Nanoscience, 2010
Z. R. Ulberg, T. G. Gruzina, N. V. Pertsov
We analyzed some alternative designs of a biosensory device based on bioluminescent bacteria. A set of photosensitive semiconductor elements or optical fibers may be used as a transducer in such a sensory device. The second of these two alternatives seems to be more attractive. Therefore, we made an attempt to produce it as a working biosensor prototype. A general scheme of such a biosensor is presented in Figure 11.38. It contains bioluminescent bacteria immobilized within the agar body, which is brought into close contact with the optical fibers. Preliminary trials of the proposed biosen-sor with the check samples containing potassium ferricyanide in different concentrations (standard solutions, used for calibration in biotests with bioluminescent bacteria and daphnias) have shown that the biosensor device created by us and standardized analysis with chemiluminometer had equivalent sensitivities. At the same time, biosensory analysis is simpler, and its modification can allow carrying out field measurements of the toxic elements like ions of HM content in environmental objects.
Applications of Environmental Biotechnology to Bioremediation
Published in Donald L. Wise, Debra J. Trantolo, Remediation of Hazardous Waste Contaminated Soils, 2018
John Sanseverino, James T. Fleming, Armin Heitzer, Bruce M. Applegate, Gary S. Sayler
In the following sections, some general approaches and applications of lux genes as reporters are presented. The emphasis will be given to applications relevant to environmental biotechnology. Several other interesting applications of constructs involving lux genes in different fields have been reported. The interested reader is referred to the review articles of Stewart,52 Meighen,42 and Ulitzur.53 Furthermore, native bioluminescent bacteria have found their application in commercially available toxicity tests.
Optimization of ozonation process for organic matter and ecotoxicity removal from landfill leachate by applying rotatable central composite design (RCCD)
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2021
Heloisa B. Bastos, Larissa L. S. Silva, Érika C. A. N. Chrisman, Fabiana V. Fonseca, Juacyara C. Campos
Regarding the ecotoxicity, the impact of the leachate toward Allivibrio fischeri, at the optimum point of ABS254nm reduction, was eliminated. At the same time, its toxicity to Danio rerio was reduced by increasing the median lethal concentration from 1.13% to 2.23%, resulting in a number of ecotoxicity units of 62. These results agree with different sensibilities of these organisms to different compounds, such as organic matter and ammonia. Bioluminescent bacteria, for instance, present higher sensitivity to organic compounds and lower sensitivity to inorganic compounds,[33,34] whereas Danio rerio fish have a higher sensitivity to ammonia.[35,36]
Assessment of freshwater sediment quality: potential ecological risk and ecotoxicity tests as complementary approaches
Published in Chemistry and Ecology, 2021
Leila Sahli, Hadjer Belhiouani, Karen Fabiola Burga Pérez, Mohamed El Hadef El Okki, Fatima-Zohra Afri-Mehennaoui, Jean-François Férard, Smail Mehennaoui
Otherwise, the solid phase tests show higher ecotoxicity levels than did the pore water tests. IC50 values indicate high ecotoxicity at Bm1, Bm2 and Rh3 stations: 570, 850 and 250 mg L−1 of sediment, respectively was sufficient to cause 50% inhibition of light production of bioluminescent bacteria in the solid phase assay. For leachate phase assay, only surface sediments of Bm1 and Rh3 were ecotoxic for A. fischeri. IC50 values were about 670 and 650 mg L−1, respectively. This observation is in accordance with the results of the study performed by Roig et al. [44] and De Castro-Català et al. [7]. Statistical tests showed a significant differences between IC50 values (p < 0.05) of solid and leachate phases in locations Bm2 and Rh3. These differences can be explained on the one hand by a real ecotoxicity of the solid phase wherein the decrease of luminescence is due to direct contact of bacteria with contaminants (for example metals) fixed on sediment particles, and on the other hand by fixation of bacteria to fine particles and/or organic matter [25].
UVC- and UVC/H2O2-Driven nonribosomal peptide antibiotics degradation: application to zinc bacitracin as a complex emerging contaminant
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2020
Patrícia Metolina, Felipe Rebello Lourenço, Antonio Carlos Silva Costa Teixeira
Acute toxicity analyses were carried out with the bioluminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri (NRRL-B-11177) using the Microtox 500® system, according to the brazilian technical standard NBR 15411-3:2012.[30] The results were expressed in percentage inhibition of relative luminescence values after 15- and 30-min exposure times. Solutions of zinc sulfate, bacitracin, zinc bacitracin and the final solutions of photooxidation treatments were characterized. The pH of the treated solutions was previously adjusted to 7.0 when necessary, using sulfuric acid or potassium hydroxide solutions. Aliquots of bovine catalase solution prepared in phosphate buffer (50 mmol L−1) at pH 7 were added to the samples withdrawn during the UVC/H2O2 experiments for removing residual hydrogen peroxide. Previous controls indicated that bovine catalase does not interfere with the toxicity analyses.