China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Biodegradation-based remediation – overview and case studies
Published in Katalin Gruiz, Tamás Meggyes, Éva Fenyvesi, Engineering Tools for Environmental Risk Management – 4, 2019
M. Molnár, K. Gruiz, É. Fenyvesi
Direct contact soil ecotoxicity tests were applied using test organisms of three trophic levels. Ecotoxicity testing serves the safety and gives information on bioavailability of the contaminants. In the case of in situ remediation, ecotoxicity testing may play a role in the monitoring of emissions from the technology. The applied ecotoxicity methods were self-developed tests based on similar Hungarian, German, and European standard methods used for wastewaters or hazardous waste materials. Aliivibrio fischeri bioluminescence test, Sinapis alba root and shoot elongation test together with Folsomia candida mortality test were used to follow up the adverse effect of the soil during the laboratory and field experiments. The end points used for the plant and animal tests were ED20 (LD20) or ED50 (LD50) values where ED20 (LD20) and ED50 (LD50) mean soil doses that caused 20% and 50% inhibition (lethality) in Aliivibrio fischeri bioluminescence test.
Antimony toxicity upon microorganisms from aerobic and anaerobic environments
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2023
Ivan Moreno-Andrade, Reyes Sierra-Alvarez, Marisol Pérez-Rangel, Cinthya Barrera, Jim A. Field, Aurora Pat-Espadas
The Microtox is a standardized in vitro test where the results can usually be well correlated with toxicity tests obtained by other aquatic organisms. The method measures the change in light output of a marine bioluminescent bacterium (Aliivibrio fischeri), which is a pure aerobic culture widely applied for the monitoring of toxicity due to several advantages such as short test duration, sensitivity, cost-effective and ease of operation.[30] The acute toxicity caused by different Sb (III) and Sb (V) concentrations was measured using a Microtox® instrument (Model 500, Strategic Diagnostics, Inc. SDIX, Newark, DE, USA). The concentrations tested for Sb (III) and Sb (V) were 0.0, 3.91, 7.81, 15.62, 31.25, 62.50, 125.0, 250.0, and 500.0 mg/L. Microbial inhibition was measured at 25 °C in triplicate experiments. The concentrations causing 50% decrease in the bacterial luminescence (IC50), compared to the toxicant-free control, after 5, 15, and 30 min of exposure were obtained as previously described.[31] The inoculum was purchased from Strategic Diagnostic Inc. (Newark, DE, USA) as a freeze-dried bacterial form, and it was stored at −20 °C to preserve microbial activity. Test medium, reconstitution solution, activation solution, and test cuvettes used in the toxicity test were also purchased from Strategic Diagnostic Inc. Individual Sb samples were analyzed according to the procedure in the Microtox® system operating manual.