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New Technologies Used in Wastewater Treatment
Published in Pankaj Chowdhary, Sujata Mani, New Technologies for Reclamation of Industrial Wastewater, 2021
The toxic organic pollutants in industrial effluents or activated sludge are biologically degraded using microorganisms. However, there are few overly complex structured pollutants that do not easily get degenerated and are resistant to biodegradability in wastewater. To overcome these restrictions, bioaugmentation strategies or processes are used. Bioaugmentation is a process that has the capacity to biodegrade recalcitrant pollutants, along with microorganisms, which contaminate our environment (Semrany et al., 2012). When compared with physico-chemical treatment approaches, the bioaugmentation process is found to be cost-effective as well as eco-friendly (Figure 5.1). Different bioaugmentation approaches have been reviewed, including challenges that occur during wastewater treatments (Herrero and Stuckey, 2015).
Aerobic Granulation Technology for Wastewater Treatment
Published in Y.V. Nancharaiah, Vayalam P. Venugopalan, Microbial Biofilms in Bioremediation and Wastewater Treatment, 2019
Joo-Hwa Tay, Saurabh Jyoti Sarma
Bioaugmentation is a strategy to enhance the performance of a bioprocess by externally adding one or more microbial strains to the process. Bioaugmentation has been evaluated to enhance the performance of AGT. Ivanov et al. (2006) first enriched the aerobic granular sludge with microorganisms with high auto-aggregation index. The authors enriched the sludge by repeatedly selecting and cultivating well settling granular sludge. Then a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae and a strain of Pseudomonas veronii with high auto-aggregation index were isolated from the enriched granular sludge. These two strains were used as the bio-augmenting agents for subsequent aerobic granule formation study using activated sludge as the inoculum. The authors have noted that addition of these two strains could accelerate aerobic granule formation and the granules were observed within 8 days (Ivanov et al. 2006). In another investigation, Nancharaiah et al. (2008) have used Pseudomonas putida KT2442 strain containing TOL (pWWO) plasmid for bio-augmentation of aerobic granules. This strain can degrade benzyl alcohol and transmit the plasmid to other bacteria present in the granule. The authors have noted that compared to non-augmented granules, degradation of benzyl alcohol was significantly increased in the case of the granules augmented with the strain (Nancharaiah et al. 2008). Duque et al. (2011) have investigated bio-augmentation of aerobic granules for 2-fluorophenol (2-FP) degradation. The aerobic granules initially used by the authors were not capable of degrading 2-FP. However, after bioaugmentation of the granules with a microbial strain capable of degrading 2-FP, complete degradation of the pollutant was achieved (Duque et al. 2011).
Bioaugmentation in Rhizoengineering for Xenobiotic Biodegradation
Published in Inamuddin, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Mohd Imran Ahamed, Tariq Altalhi, Bioaugmentation Techniques and Applications in Remediation, 2022
N.D. Dhanraj, Edna Mary Varghese, M.S. Jisha
Bioaugmentation is the process of addition or augmentation of desired microorganisms which are grown on well-defined conditions for performing a remediation process in a given environment (Alvarez and Illman, 2006). One approach to bioaugmentation is the addition of potential strains to complement or replace the native microbial strains. Another approach is the addition of large concentrations of microbial cells that will momentarily act as biocatalysts that will metabolize a large amount of the target contaminant (Duba et al., 1996; Krumme et al., 1994).
Applications of bioremediation and phytoremediation in contaminated soils and waters: CREST publications during 2018–2022
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2023
Chen-Jing Liu, Song-Ge Deng, Chun-Yan Hu, Peng Gao, Eakalak Khan, Chang-Ping Yu, Lena Q. Ma
Plastics are synthetic organic polymers with high-persistence and low-degradability. Nonetheless, several organisms have been used in plastic biodegradation, including bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptomyces badius, and fungi Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus (Paço et al., 2019). Bioaugmentation is often used in bioremediation, which refers to the application of exogenous microbes with specific catabolic activities to contaminated sites. Coupled these functional microbes with chemical/physical pretreatments, these plastic wastes may be reduced and removed from the environment. Besides, plastic contaminants may be often associated with some organic additives, with bisphenol-S contamination having received increasing attention. Fang et al. (2020) summarized some active species for bisphenol-S biodegradation and the associated degradation pathways. As the first reported strain, Phingobium fuliginis OMI is capable of complete aerobic degradation of bisphenol-S. The strain was isolated from the rhizosphere of aquatic plants, which can degrade bisphenol-S within 24 h via phenolic ring hydroxylation followed by a meta-cleavage pathway (Fang et al., 2020).
Harnessing biodegradation potential of rapid sand filtration for organic micropollutant removal from drinking water: A review
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2021
Jinsong Wang, David de Ridder, Albert van der Wal, Nora B. Sutton
Bioaugmentation is an approach whereby microbial consortia enriched for the capacity to (partially) degrade or mineralize OMPs are introduced into an existing treatment system (Semrany et al., 2012). Research has shown the potential of this approach for improving OMPs biodegradation in RSFs (Zearley & Summers, 2012). For example, bioaugmentation of pilot RSF with a BAM-degrading culture resulted in up to 75% removal of BAM, resulting in concentrations below drinking water regulations of 0.1 µg/L (Albers et al., 2015) (Table 1). However, improvements in biodegradation due to bioaugmentation lasted less than 7 days, mainly due to loss of the inoculated bacteria. According to previous studies, the success of bioaugmentation strategies depends on the ability of the strain to integrate into the existing microbial community (Zearley & Summers, 2012). Therefore, bioaugmentation strategies must focus on consortia adapted to oligotrophic environments found in RSF (Gözdereliler et al., 2013). Moreover, bioaugmentation in RSF is challenged by washout of inoculated bacteria from the filters during general backwashing (Feakin et al., 1995; Horemans et al., 2017). Thus, future research into bioaugmentation should focus on selecting consortia able to efficiently invade and be retained in RSF.
Bioremediation Performance of Two Telluric Saprotrophic Fungi, Penicillium Brasilianum and Fusarium Solani, in Aged Dioxin-contaminated Soil Microcosms
Published in Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 2021
Isabelle Delsarte, Etienne Veignie, Yann Landkocz, Catherine Rafin
Throughout the past four decades, the biodegradation of PCDD/Fs and other dioxin-like compounds by bacteria and fungi has been extensively studied from the perspectives of biodiversity, biodegradation, biochemistry, and molecular biology (Chang 2008; Field and Sierra-Alvarez 2008; Wittich 1998). Among the potential remediators studied, filamentous fungi have shown particular promise. Several white-rot fungi were tested for their ability to decompose PCDD/Fs under model laboratory-scale conditions in liquid systems. The most well-known degrading strains include Phanerochaete chrysosporium (Bumpus et al. 1985; Hammel, Kalyanaraman, and Kirk 1986; Joshi and Gold 1994; Valli, Wariishi, and Gold 1992), Phanerochaete sordida (Takada et al. 1996), Phanerochaete velutina (Anasonye et al. 2014), Phlebia sp. (Kamei, Suhara, and Kondo 2005; Kamei et al. 2009; Mori and Kondo 2002), Rigidoporus, and other genera (Dao et al. 2019). Several non-wood-rotting fungi isolated from soil also have the potential for PCDD/F degradation. Biostimulation and/or bioaugmentation are potential means to achieve bioremediation, as they could provide favorable conditions for the growth of indigenous and/or introduced microbial populations in polluted sites.