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Bioaugmentation in the Bioremediation of the Heavy Metals and Radionuclides
Published in Inamuddin, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Mohd Imran Ahamed, Tariq Altalhi, Bioaugmentation Techniques and Applications in Remediation, 2022
Bhagwan Toksha, Saurabh Tayde, Ajinkya Satdive, Shyam Tonde, Aniruddha Chatterjee
Biostimulation is the bioremediation technique through which the microorganism’s degradation activities are stimulated through modification of the environment at the contaminated site. By this technique, the existing degradation microorganisms are stimulated to enhance their physiological activities. It can be worked out for both polluted soil and water in their ex situ and in situ techniques. For biostimulation the environment at the polluted site can be achieved by adding suitable nutrients, bulking agents, and electron acceptors (nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous). The bioremediation of halogenated pollutants is obtained by adding electron donors which stimulate degradation activities. It can be suitable to encounter pesticides and herbicides (Kanissery and Sims 2011). Biostimulation can enhance through bioaugmentation and enhance diversified microorganism groups. The induced nutrients help to provide acceleration and driving force to the bioremediation (Roy et al. 2018). The important benefit of this technique is the use of autochthonous microorganisms as they are more adaptable for this technique (Speight 2016).
Microbial Biosurfactants Remediation of Contaminated Soils
Published in Ederio Dino Bidoia, Renato Nallin Montagnolli, Biodegradation, Pollutants and Bioremediation Principles, 2021
Poulami Datta, Pankaj Tiwari, Lalit M Pandey*
The bioaugmentation and biostimulation studies have been carried out by examining the microbial community of the petroleum-contaminated soils. A microcosm study was performed to analyze the effect of bioaugmentation with Acinetobacter SZ-1 strain KF453955 and the biostimulation with the nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) on their petroleum hydrocarbon degradation potential. The study was continued for 10 weeks, in which 60% and 34% TPH degradation was achieved through biostimulation and bioaugmentation, respectively after 6 weeks of incubation. From the 7th week onwards, the degradation efficiency remained constant. Catalase activity and oil-degrader population were also determined in this study and found to be higher in biostimulation as compared to bioaugmentation (Wu et al. 2016). This study highlights the effect of nutrients (biostimulation) towards the growth of indigenous microorganisms and efficient premeditation of petroleum-contaminated soils.
Oil Contaminated Soil
Published in Ozcan Konur, Petrodiesel Fuels, 2021
Kelly M. McFarlin, Roger C. Prince
There is increased interest in applying indigenous adapted consortia to contaminated field sites to ensure that the added inoculum is compatible with the environmental conditions. Laboratory mesocosms indicate that biostimulation with nitrogen and phosphorus outperforms bioaugmentation with native oil-degrading bacteria (Wu et al., 2019), but limited field studies are reported in the literature. In a recent field experiment, the addition of a bacterial consortium resulted in significant loss of weathered TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbons)-contaminated soil after 63 days (a 92–96% loss), though the control also lost 63% due to aeration (Poi et al., 2017) and microbial analyses weren’t reported, making it impossible to determine the fate and thus the effect of the added inoculum. In a different study, sequence analysis indicated that the bioaugmentation inoculum did not survive in the contaminated soil and did not enhance the rate of PAH biodegradation compared to the unamended control at 22 days (Piubeli et al., 2018).
Study on Amendment of Rapeseed Meal, Soybean Meal, and NPK Fertilizer as Biostimulants in Bioremediation of Diesel-Contaminated Soil by Autochthonous Microorganisms
Published in Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 2023
Behrouz Soghandi, Fatemeh Salimi
The results showed that soybean meal (BS2) amendment was the most efficient in TPH degradation, followed by rapeseed meal (BS1) amendment. In hydrocarbon-polluted ecosystems, an excessive supply of carbon compounds exists, which leads to the continuous consumption of nitrogen by biochemical activities of microorganisms, resulting in nitrogen deficiency and competition between microorganisms. Nitrogen becomes the limiting agent for bioremediation by microorganisms, and consequently, the bioremediation process in natural attenuation form is quickly suppressed. Biostimulation via adding nitrogen and phosphorus has been shown to improve microbial cell growth and hydrocarbon removal. The effective role of organic and inorganic amendment in the current study can be attributed to their nitrogen content, as nitrogen is an essential element for microbial functions like biosynthesis of aminoamides, proteins, and nucleic acids (Acuña, Pucci, and Pucci 2012; Staninska-Pięta et al. 2022; Zhang et al. 2021).
Remediation of metal-contaminated marine sediments using active capping with limestone, steel slag, and activated carbon: a laboratory experiment
Published in Environmental Technology, 2019
Seong-Jik Park, Ku Kang, Chang-Gu Lee, Jae-Woo Choi
The most widely used remediation technologies for contaminated marine sediments are bioremediation, dredging/disposal, and in situ capping. Bioremediation is categorized into monitored natural recovery (MNR), biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and phytoremediation. In MNR, the degradation of contaminants in sediments is naturally achieved by indigenous microbial populations. Although this method has an advantage of not causing adverse effects on the ecosystem, it requires a long time for purification under the prevention of contaminant inflow [1]. Bioremediation is a more active method of remediating contaminated sediments because it encourages the growth of indigenous populations by the input of nutrients or air (biostimulation), and it introduces appropriate species from external environments (bioaugmentation) by using plants and algae for the removal of contaminants [2]. Dredging/disposal can completely remove the contaminated sediments, although it is the most expensive technique for their remediation [3]. Dredging/disposal requires a site and further management to depose of dredged sediment and has other negative effects on the environment through resuspension of particulates and destruction of the benthic community during the dredging process [4–6]. Capping contaminated sediments is an in situ remediation technique that consists of covering the contaminated sediment surface with clean material [2]. Capping is typically less expensive than dredging/disposal, and it isolates the contaminated sediments, which blocks the diffusion of contaminants in the short term [2,7,8].
Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from an aged contaminated agricultural soil using degrading bacteria and soil amendments
Published in Bioremediation Journal, 2022
Binxu Liu, Wei Ge, Xiuchu Liu, Xiaomei Zhang, Qinghua Chen, Juan Wu, Zhiying Li, Chao Chai
Adding soil amendments is a good choice for improving the bioremediation of PAHs, because it can enhance the activity of soil microorganisms (Lamichhane, Bal Krishna, and Sarukkalige 2017; Redfern et al. 2019). Biostimulation with adequate organic matter which can provide nutrients, such as phosphorus, carbon, and nitrogen for indigenous microbial populations or bioaugmentation through introducing specific PAH-degrading microorganisms to grow can play an active role in PAH bioremediation (Mizwar et al. 2016). Organic substances in municipal solid organic waste, livestock, and poultry manure can be used as nutrient supplements for soil microflora and enhance PAH biodegradation (Ezenne et al. 2014; Sayara et al. 2011).