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Treatment Devices
Published in Laurence J. Street, Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Technology, 2023
Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) devices are somewhat more complex, in that they sense inspiratory effort and provide slightly higher pressure at that time. After flow stops, the pressure drops to a level more like that used with CPAP units.
Identifying determinants of noise in a medical intensive care unit
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2018
Kathryn J. Crawford, Lindsey A. Barnes, Thomas M. Peters, Jeffrey Falk, Brian K. Gehlbach
One-min noise data were queried to identify 29 days when noise in a room was consistently elevated (>60 dBA) for an extended time (>10 hr). Ten hr were chosen as the cutoff to try and insure shorter-term happenings, which might not have consistent causes, were excluded. For these “flagged” days, MICU activity logs were generated from a review of the electronic medical records of the 19 patients involved, in order to identify when specific medical interventions took place. Interventions included respiratory support using oxygen (O2) delivery systems that operate at a range of flow rates measured in liters per min (L/min). Delivery systems included bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), face mask (>10 L/min), nasal cannula (NC, 1–10 L/min), and high flow cannula (15–50 L/min). For comparison purposes, logs were also reviewed to identify respiratory support for the same room on the day prior to that which was flagged. Any minutes missing respiratory support information (n = 2,150) were excluded from the data subset. The remaining 1-min data (n = 39,553) were coded as either low flow or closed systems (BiPAP, CPAP, NC) or high flow (face mask >10 L/min, high flow cannula). An odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated based on exposure (high flow or low flow/closed) and outcome (noise >60 dBA or noise <60 dBA).