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A study of poultry realtime monitoring and automation techniques
Published in Arun Kumar Sinha, John Pradeep Darsy, Computer-Aided Developments: Electronics and Communication, 2019
A. Arun Gnana Raj, S. Margaret Amala, J. Gnana Jayanthi
Sungho Kaneshiro and Yasue Mitsukura [10] has proposed respiratory sound analysis for Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Machines. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a medical treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. For CPAP, it is necessary to monitor the respiratory sounds such as, inspiration, expiration, and snoring to supply proper pressure depending on the respiratory conditions of patients. As the first step, short-time Fourier transform is applied to each channel of observed microphone signals for selectively acquiring directional signals and then for extracting time-frequency (T-F) features. Different features can be extracted in the time-frequency magnitude spectrogram. Now compare the sound features of inspiration and expiration produced by the microphones, 50 Hz notch filter has been applied and the data will be divided into epoch. For separate respiratory sounds and CPAP machine noise the degenerate un-mixing estimation technique (DUET) has been used. The experiments clearly shows that the amplitude and frequency bands are different between the inspiration and expiration states. So that the inspiration and expiration can be easily identified.
Introduction to Noninvasive Therapies
Published in Robert B. Northrop, Non-Invasive Instrumentation and Measurement in Medical Diagnosis, 2017
The simplest PPV ventilation paradigm is CPAP. The patient breathes on his/her own into a fixed positive air pressure supplied into a face or nose mask. CPAP is used to treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) at home, and improve gas exchange in the lungs by keeping the alveoli dilated in ICU settings. A typical CPAP machine can deliver (manometer) pressures between 4 and 20 cmH2O, however between 6 and 14 cmH2O is used to treat sleep apnea, and permit normal sleep. (Note: 1 cmH2O = 0.0142 psi = 980.6 Dynes/cm2.)
Multi-dimensional readiness assessment of medical devices
Published in Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 2023
Rosemary Ruiz Seva, Angela Li Sin Tan, Lourdes Marie Sequerra Tejero, Maria Lourdes Dorothy S. Salvacion
The lack of a usability study can result in technical glitches and patient mortality as in the Therac-25 accidents with patients suffering severe radiation burns (Leveson 1995; Leveson and Turner 1993). Some MDs are designed to be used alone by the patient at home or with the aid of a caregiver. A case in point is the Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) machine used for sleep apnea, a potentially serious disorder. The correct setup of the device and proper fitting of the mask on the face is important to ensure that the MD will deliver the continuous positive pressure to the airways for the entire duration of sleep. A usability study conducted on this MD showed that patients find it difficult to get it ready for use, and caregivers find it hard to maintain (Fung et al. 2015).
Mask interface for continuous positive airway pressure therapy: selection and design considerations
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2018
Zhichao Ma, Michael Drinnan, Philip Hyde, Javier Munguia
CPAP therapy has been commonly used to treat moderate or severe OSA syndrome since it was initially invented by Colin Sullivan in 1980 in Australia [17] by delivering constant positive air pressure through patient’s nose and throat, thus opening the blocked airway. Auto-adjusting CPAP devices can automatically adjust the air pressure level based on respiratory events but keep the same pressure throughout the respiratory cycle. Auto-adjusting CPAP benefits patients who may need a higher pressure support due to sudden rapid eye movement or supine position during sleep but cannot tolerate this higher level air pressure throughout the entire night [13].