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Alternative indicator systems for water quality analysis
Published in Cara Gleeson, Nick Gray, The Coliform Index and Waterborne Disease, 1996
Bacteroides spp. are Gram-negative, non-motile, non-sporing, obligately anaerobic bacteria which form a major component of human and animal faeces (Table 5.1). In fact they are more numerous than E. coli in human faeces. There are currently five species: B. diastonis, B. fragilis, B. ovatus, B. thetaiotaomicron and B. vulgatus. Bacteroides fragilis is the species of the genus most commonly associated with human faeces. They are of limited value as indicator organisms mainly because of the problems associated with the isolation and enumeration of anaerobes. Allsop and Stickler (1984) report that in practice they appear to have little advantage over E. coli, especially as they rapidly die off in water.
Fish mucus stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles: fabrication, DNA damage and bactericidal activity
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2021
G. Chinnadurai, R. Subramanian, P. Selvi
Bactericidal property of iron oxide was examined by agar well diffusion method against pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), Streptococcus faecalis (S. faecali), Streptococcus oralis (S. oralis), Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis), and Proteus vulgaris (P. vulgaris).[41,42] Nutrient agar medium (2.8 g) is dissolved in 100 mL of distilled water. The bacterial isolates were suspended in Muller Hinton agar and diluted to 1 × 105 colony forming unit per mL. Wells having 5 mL diameter was cut from the agar using a sterile cork-borer and dispersed in 20 μL in DMSO and poured into the wells. Then the petri plates were subjected to incubate for 24 h at 37 °C. The zone of inhibition was measured and expressed as diameter in millimeters. Streptomycin was used as standard drug for the purpose of comparison. Dimethyl sulfoxide was used to dissolve zero valent iron nanoparticles. The concentrations used were 50, 100, 500, and 1,000 µg/mL.
Altered gut microbiota richness in individuals with a history of lateral ankle sprain
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2022
Masafumi Terada, Masataka Uchida, Tadashi Suga, Tadao Isaka
Our results may provide a new insight into the current management of a LAS and pose a possible future direction. Patients with an acute LAS present with a unique combination of pathomechanical, sensory-perceptual, and motor-behavioural impairments (Hertel & Corbett, 2019). Thus, rather than administering the same management approach for all patients with a LAS, personalized, impairment-based intervention following a LAS is recommended to manage the injury (Donovan & Hertel, 2012; Hertel & Corbett, 2019). Gut microbiome can be incorporated as a component of personalized, impairment-based management of a LAS. Gut microbiota profiles have an emerging role as a biomarker for disease prognosis and individual’s response to therapeutic intervention (Kashyap et al., 2017; Schupack et al., 2022). For example, an increase in the relative abundance of specific bacteria, such as Bacteroides Fragilis and Ruminococcus Gnavus, might be a potential biomarker to optimize detection of inflammation and incomplete recovery from the injury. Gut microbiota has been established as targeted biomarkers for certain diseases (Erickson et al., 2012; Qin et al., 2012; Schupack et al., 2022). Assessing alterations in gut microbiota profiles may be a potentially novel approach to manage LASs, as well as be valuable in secondary prevention of LASs and an increase in long-term recovery rate of LASs. The findings provide a focused area for future research to examine the predictive and diagnostic quality of gut microbiota diversity in patients with LASs and determine if assessing gut microbiota diversity can improve the current care given for a LAS.