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Computer-Aided Diagnosis Systems for Prostate Cancer Detection
Published in Ayman El-Baz, Gyan Pareek, Jasjit S. Suri, Prostate Cancer Imaging, 2018
Guillaume Lemaître, Robert Martí, Fabrice Meriaudeau
Since its introduction in mid-1980s, PSA is widely used for CaP screening [28]. A higher-than-normal level of PSA can indicate an abnormality of the prostate either as BPH or cancer [29]. However, other factors can lead to an increased PSA level such as prostate infections, irritations, a recent ejaculation, or a recent rectal examination [2]. PSA is found in the bloodstream in two different forms: free PSA accounting for about 10% and one linked to another protein for the remaining 90%. A level of PSA higher than 10ngmL−1 is considered to be at risk [2]. If the PSA level ranges from 4 to 10ngmL−1, the patient’s risk is considered as suspicious [30]. In that case, the ratio of free PSA to total PSA is computed; if the ratio is higher than 15%, the case is considered as pathological [2].
Ablation therapy
Published in Riadh Habash, BioElectroMagnetics, 2020
With continuing technical advances in microwave medical technology, minimally invasive treatments have emerged to treat common medical conditions. One such advance is the transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) to treat BPH or the enlarged prostate. TUMT uses a catheter with microwave antenna built in just below the balloon. The balloon at the tip localizes the antenna at the correct position in the object area. Thermosensors on the catheter and in the surrounding area auto-regulate power output to optimally heat the object. Different types of microwave antennas are used for TUMT including helical, dipole, and whip designs [70].
Ablation
Published in John G Webster, Minimally Invasive Medical Technology, 2016
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a benign condition and is usually referred to as prostate enlargement. BPH is not cancer and the majority of men with symptoms of BPH do not have prostate cancer. BPH is widespread, yet generally not life-threatening and most commonly affects men over 50 years of age. Approximately 11 million men in the United States currently suffer from moderate to severe BPH that requires treatment. The most popular current treatment, transurethral resection (TURP), requires general anesthesia, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates.
Steering light in fiber-optic medical devices: a patent review
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Merle S. Losch, Famke Kardux, Jenny Dankelman, Benno H. W. Hendriks
The retrieved patents show that remote light delivery is an issue relevant to various applications involving tissue diagnostics and therapeutics. Spectroscopic devices use light to assess tissue type and status based on its optical properties [99]. Physicians apply spectroscopy to recognize diseases [100] and to distinguish tumors from healthy tissue [101]. On the other hand, photodynamic therapy is used to treat cancer by destroying malignant cells with a combination of light energy and a photosensitive drug [102]. Light can also provide treatment for various other medical conditions, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia [103], kidney and bladder stones [104], or incontinence [105]. New designs can support tissue diagnostics and therapeutics in hardly accessible locations of the body by providing light delivery to and collection from tissue off-axis.
Sacral neuromodulation for the treatment of overactive bladder: systematic review and future prospects
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Sam Tilborghs, Stefan De Wachter
No study found male gender to be a positive predictor. The reason for the potential gender differences remains a matter of speculation. Often the number of men receiving SNM therapy is low, making comparisons more difficult. Men and women probably have a different pathophysiology for their voiding dysfunction with women potentially presenting with lack of pelvic floor relaxation, while in men impaired bladder emptying is suspected to be related to failure of detrusor contraction on account of the long-term effects of chronic obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) [40]. Furthermore, a review by Patra and Patra postulated differences in central micturition regulation, bladder outlet, and sex hormones to account for the differences in lower urinary tract function in men and women [52]. Further studies exploring the underlying neuroanatomical factors in the pathophysiology of OAB in men are warranted.
Purification of a lectin from Cratylia mollis crude extract seed by a single step PEG/phosphate aqueous two-phase system
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2020
Cynthia Oliveira Nascimento, Romero Marcos Pedrosa Brandão Costa, Paulo Antônio Soares, Polyanna Nunes Herculano, Tatiana Souza Porto, Thiago Pajeú Nascimento, Carolina de Albuquerque Lima, Raquel Pedrosa Bezerra, José Antônio Teixeira, Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso Coelho, Maria Tereza dos Santos Correia, Maria das Graças Carneiro-da-Cunha, Ana Lúcia Figueiredo Porto
pCramoll and rCramoll have been reported to induce immunomodulatory response on peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) infected and non-infected with Staphylococcus aureus,[15] pCramoll nanoelectrode for differential diagnostic of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia based on label-free detection.[5] Encapsulation into stealth liposomes enhances the antitumor action of recombinant C. mollis lectin expressed in Escherichia coli.[15] Besides, plants lectins have other several biomedical and pharmacological applications[16] and recently Oliveira et al.[17] in their study published insecticidal activity against Aedes aegypti.