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Biomedical Engineering and Informatics Using Artificial Intelligence
Published in Saravanan Krishnan, Ramesh Kesavan, B. Surendiran, G. S. Mahalakshmi, Handbook of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Category T1 is when the tumor cannot be felt during the DRE or be seen with imaging such as transrectal ultrasound. Category T1 has three subcategories: T1a: Cancer is found incidentally during a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), which will have been performed for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, and the cancer is present in no more than 5% of the tissue removed.T1b: Cancer is found during a TURP but is present in more than 5% of the tissue removed.T1c: Cancer is found in a needle biopsy that has been performed due to an elevated PSA level.
Artificial Olfactory Systems Can Detect Unique Odorant Signature Of Cancerous Volatile Compounds
Published in Raquel Cumeras, Xavier Correig, Volatile organic compound analysis in biomedical diagnosis applications, 2018
Roine et al. (2014) evaluated the ability of an e-nose system to discriminate prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia using urine headspace (Roine et al., 2014). The study was performed in 50 patients with prostate cancer and 15 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia scheduled for robotic assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy or transurethral resection of the prostate; from the latter group, 9 patients provided urine samples also at 3 months after surgery, which served as control. Urine headspace was analyzed with the handheld ChemPro® 100-eNose (Environics Oy, Finland), consisting of an Ion Mobility Spectrometry cell and six semiconductor gas sensors. Data analysis was conducted using linear discriminant analysis and logistic regression. Using leave-one-out cross-validation, the e-nose reached a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 67%, which are comparable with the results of the prostate specific antigen testing, the common approach to detect prostate cancer.
High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU)
Published in Ayman El-Baz, Gyan Pareek, Jasjit S. Suri, Prostate Cancer Imaging, 2018
HIFU treatment does offer some advantages over other methods of thermal ablation. It is minimally invasive and it does not rely on radiation, allowing for repetition without any long-term effects. However, as in the case of ultrasound, HIFU sound waves do not readily pass through solid structures or air. Additionally, HIFU requires the use of general anesthesia and larger glands require larger treatment times. The procedure itself involves placement of a HIFU transducer covered by a condom in the rectum. To help diminish the thermal effects on the rectum during the HIFU procedure, the rectum is generally irrigated with cold and degassed water concurrently with the real-time ultrasound. HIFU-treated lesions can become visible as hyperechoic areas in real time. Traditionally, this is a same-day procedure performed under general anesthesia that typically lasts 1–3 hours, depending on the size of the gland. Generally, the patient will have bladder drainage via a urethral catheter or suprapubic catheter for 2 weeks. If the patient has a concomitant transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), then the urethral catheter is generally left only for a few days.
Comparison of surgical gloves: perforation, satisfaction and manual dexterity
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Tulay Basak, Gul Sahin, Ayla Demirtas
An observational, prospective study was performed during April–May 2018. Scrub nurses used specified gloves during nine selected surgeries: (a) total hip prosthesis or total knee prosthesis; (b) lumbar laminectomy; (c) vitrectomy; (d) transurethral resection of the prostate or ureterorenoscopy; (e) ileus surgery; (f) caesarean section; (g) graft-flap surgeries; (h) video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS); (i) appendectomy surgery. We determined the cases by taking the frequencies of procedures into consideration in our hospital. A homogeneous number for the surgeries is aimed at mostly operative clinics in our hospital. scrub nurses wore antiallergenic surgical (powder and latex free). Also use powder and latex free gloves during three operations, double latex and powdered gloves during three operations and single latex and powdered gloves during three operations. Within the scope of the study, each type of glove was used in each of nine operations. All gloves were worn 105 times by 35 nurses. Thus, the effectiveness of all types of gloves was examined 315 times in total (Figure 1). If the gloves were visibly perforated during surgery, they were immediately replaced with new gloves of the same type and size. The number of punctured gloves was recorded. Among the scrub nurses, 60% were women and 40% were men.
A novel metric for treatment durability in clinical trials of minimally invasive treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Larry E. Miller, Alexis E. Te, Samir K. Bhattacharyya, Sean Lilienfeld, Ryan A. Dornbier, Kevin T. McVary
Data for this analysis were derived from pivotal trial manuscripts of two minimally invasive BPH treatments – water vapor thermal therapy (WVTT) and prostatic urethral lift (PUL). WVTT utilizes convective radiofrequency to create stored thermal energy in the form of steam, which is delivered transurethrally into the transition zone of the prostate to ablate tissue, thereby reducing LUTS. The PUL procedure involves transurethral placement of permanent suture-based metallic implants that provide mechanical separation of the obstructing lateral prostatic lobes, thereby enlarging the urethral lumen and relieving LUTS. In the American Urological Association BPH Clinical Guidelines for surgical management of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) [2,3], each treatment was recommended for well-selected men who desired a less invasive alternative to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Published results were available through 4 years of follow-up with WVTT [4] and 5 years of follow-up with PUL [5]. Due to the increasing interest and the availability of long-term data with these minimally invasive BPH treatments, 4-year follow-up data from the WVTT and PUL pivotal trials were utilized for all analyses.
High-intensity focused ultrasound for prostate cancer
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Alessandro Napoli, Giulia Alfieri, Roberto Scipione, Andrea Leonardi, Davide Fierro, Valeria Panebianco, Cosimo De Nunzio, Costantino Leonardo, Carlo Catalano
Another relative contraindication is the presence of major intraprostatic calcification: the treatment requires US and calcification acts as an acoustic barrier to US progression and diffusion. However, this problem can be overcome with a preoperative transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).