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Thermal Physiology and Thermoregulation
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
BAT is a thermogenic fat located primarily in the supraclavicular area of the neck as well as along the sides of the thoracic vertebral bodies.64 BAT is brown because of the high concentration of mitochondria in the adipocytes. Brown fat, when activated, can generate about 300 watts of heat per kg of tissue.65 This heat can be detected with infrared imaging of the supraclavicular fossa – the area of the neck just above the medial clavicle (Figure 5.8). The heat is transferred from the BAT tissues to the overlying skin by thermal conduction. BAT activity is greater in females, young individuals, and those with a low body-mass index (BMI). When BAT is activated, whole-body energy expenditures increase.66 A 1.5˚C (2.7˚F) rise in BAT temperature may be brought on by hydrocortisone or isoproterenol as well as by eating a standard meal.67
Exercise-induced changes on exerkines that might influence brown adipose tissue metabolism in young sedentary adults
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2023
Andrea Mendez-Gutierrez, Concepción M. Aguilera, Francisco J. Osuna-Prieto, Borja Martinez-Tellez, M Rico Prados, Francisco M. Acosta, Jose M. Llamas-Elvira, Jonatan R. Ruiz, Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) can produce heat to maintain homeostatic body temperature, mainly through the action of the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) (Cannon & Nedergaard, 2004). Another type of adipocytes, beige adipocytes, that present brown-like characteristics such as enrichment of mitochondria and UCP1 expression can be recruited in a process known as white adipose tissue (WAT) browning (Petrovic et al., 2010). Since brown and beige adipocytes have been found to be present and metabolically active in adult humans (Cypess et al., 2009), BAT activation and WAT browning are considered promising therapeutic avenues for metabolic diseases treatment (Villarroya et al., 2019).