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Cardiovascular system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Venous blood drains back via the basilic and cephalic veins in the forearm, which are connected by the median cubital vein at the elbow; the layout of the superficial veins in the forearm can vary greatly between individuals. The basilic vein becomes the axillary vein at the deltopectoral triangle and then the subclavian vein at the outer border of the first rib. The subclavian vein joins with the internal jugular vein, draining blood from the head, at the level of the sternoclavicular joint and the two form the brachiocephalic vein (also called the innominate vein). The left and right brachiocephalic veins merge posterior to the junction of the first costal cartilage with the manubrium where they form the SVC, which drains into the right atrium of the heart.
Functional Anatomy and Biomechanics
Published in Emeric Arus, Biomechanics of Human Motion, 2017
It is an important region of the human body. At this region, many muscles criss-cross and cover different parts of the axilla, such as the musculus pectoralis major and minor, subclavius, latissimus dorsi, teres major, and serratus anterior. The axilla covers other important anatomical parts such as the ulnar nerve, axillary artery, axillary vein, long thoracic nerve, thoracodorsal nerve, and other smaller nerves and veins.
Restoration of wall shear stress in the cephalic vein during extreme hemodynamics
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2018
M. E. Boghosian, M. S. Hammes, K. W. Cassel, S. M. J. Akherat, F. Coe
The BCF, located in the mid-arm region, involves surgical connection of the brachial artery and the cephalic vein. The cephalic vein geometry considered in this investigation consists of an approximately 10 cm segment including the curved arch portion as illustrated in Figure 1. The cephalic arch is the final bend in the cephalic vein prior to its junction with the axillary vein. The domain starts downstream (based on flow direction) of the artery–vein junction in a relatively straight segment of the cephalic vein. In this figure, the cephalic arch is on the left side and flow is from right to left. Figure 1(a) shows an example of a normal vein and arch, whereas part b shows the arch for the same patient at a later time with stenosis present.