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Automated Chatbots for Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Al Assistance
Published in Utpal Chakraborty, Amit Banerjee, Jayanta Kumar Saha, Niloy Sarkar, Chinmay Chakraborty, Artificial Intelligence and the Fourth Industrial Revolution, 2022
Vamsidhar Enireddy, C. Karthikeyan, J. Ramkumar
Autism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), refers to a vast range of conditions portrayed by repetitive behaviors and difficulties with social abilities, speech, and nonverbal communication. There are a number of subtypes in ASD, most due to the genes specific to autism and also due to the environmental effect. The effect of autism varies across individuals due to spectrum disorder difficulty. Detection of autism at an early stage has shown positive results according to some studies done on the disorder. In the United States alone, 1 out of 59 kids shows signs of autism. In India, 1 in 100 children shows positive signs of autism. A major problem in India is that parents of such children don’t come out in the open about this problem due to the fear that the society may hate the child, making the condition worse for the child because he or she does not get proper treatment and care. Parents of such children also require special training in order to understand the behavior of their children and deal with it.
Virtual Reality Interventions' Effects on Functional Outcomes for Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Published in Christopher M. Hayre, Dave J. Muller, Marcia J. Scherer, Virtual Reality in Health and Rehabilitation, 2020
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is another complex neurodevelopmental disorder referred to as a persistent impairment, interfering in communication and social interactions (American Psychiatric Association 2013). One of the most pronounced characteristics of this disorder is related to patterns of behaviors repetitive actions or movements and restricted and specific interests (Campisi et al. 2018). The global prevalence of ASD is around 7.6 per 1,000 persons (Baxter et al. 2015), and the impact on daily life or academic activities is huge (Campisi et al. 2018). Since communication and social skills are necessary to function and have autonomy, children with ASD are at a great disadvantage compared to their peers, because communication and social skills are, in fact, remarkable in those children.
Valproate-Induced Rodent Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Immunogenic Effects and Role of Microglia
Published in Raj Bawa, János Szebeni, Thomas J. Webster, Gerald F. Audette, Immune Aspects of Biopharmaceuticals and Nanomedicines, 2019
Prabha Awale, James C. K. Lai, Srinath Pashikanthi, Alok Bhushan
Because of their unexpectedly high prevalence (14.7 per 1000 or 1 in 68) [1] in children in the United States alone, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have raised much alarm, concern, and debate in the public. Not only do they pose as significant public health problems with massive health, social and education costs, the psychological and economic impact on families harboring children with ASD has yet to be fully or comprehensively realized [2].
A survey on technological tools and systems for diagnosis and therapy of autism spectrum disorder
Published in Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
Mariasole Bondioli, Stefano Chessa, Alexander Kocian, Susanna Pelagatti
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in communication, social interaction, and repetitive restricted behaviors (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). It severely affects the way in which people interact with each other. Individuals with ASD experience the environment differently from a sensory point of view. (Narzisi et al., 2018) reported that the ASD prevalence for Italy is 18 per 1000, i.e., one in 55 children aged 7–9 years on rising trend. The situation in the United States is similar (Maenner et al., 2021). Currently, the only possible intervention builds on early diagnosis based on clinical observation (in Italy usually at 1.5–2 years of age), followed by intensive treatment. However, no matter how soon treatment starts, none of the current techniques can resolve ASD completely. People with ASD can acquire many abilities, become more autonomous, work, and even live alone. However, many autistic traits remain making quality-of-life severely compromised. In this perspective, it is clear that there is a constant need to complement early diagnosis of the syndromes as well as long-term therapies for individuals with ASD in their surrounding environment including family, school, hospital, coworkers etc.
Autism, Attachment, and Alexithymia: Investigating Emoji Comprehension
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2022
Hannah Taylor, Christopher J. Hand, Hannah Howman, Ruth Filik
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder present in approximately 1 in 100 children worldwide (Zeidan et al., 2022). However, prevalence estimates vary depending on factors such as biological sex, sociodemographic status, and race/ethnicity (Zeidan et al., 2022); for instance, a cohort study of over seven million pupils in England found a prevalence of 1.76% (Roman-Urrestarazu et al., 2021). ASD is characterized by a triad of atypicalities involving social interaction, social communication/language, and social imagination or rigidity of thought patterns/repetitive stereotyped behaviours (e.g., Wing & Gould, 1979). One of the most commonly reported difficulties in ASD is recognizing facial expressions (Balconi & Carrera, 2007; Celani et al., 1999; Eack et al., 2015); hypothesized to be a manifestation of social-communication difficulties (Balconi & Carrera, 2007; Behrmann et al., 2006; Hauck et al., 1998), and reduced social attention (Fletcher-Watson & Bird, 2020).
Web users with autism: eye tracking evidence for differences
Published in Behaviour & Information Technology, 2019
Sukru Eraslan, Victoria Yaneva, Yeliz Yesilada, Simon Harper
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder which affects communication and social interaction (American Psychiatric Association 2013). The prevalence of autism grew from 0.5 to 14.7 per 1000 children over 1970–2010 (Dave and Fernandez 2014) and is currently known to affect about 1 in 100 people in the UK (Brugha et al. 2012). Attention also develops differently among those with autism, with a record of atypical attention patterns dating back to as early as the first mention of this condition by Leo Kanner in 1943 (Kanner 1943). For instance, an autistic individual may rely on only one sensory modality, while several are relevant to a task – a phenomenon known as stimulus overselectivity (Lovaas and Schreibman 1971). These characteristics may present themselves as challenges when people with autism use the web, which is why autism has been included in the WCAG 2.0 guidelines under the umbrella term ‘cognitive disabilities’ (Caldwell et al. 2008).