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Africa
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Cardiac dysrhythmia management in the radiology department
Published in William H. Bush, Karl N. Krecke, Bernard F. King, Michael A. Bettmann, Radiology Life Support (Rad-LS), 2017
If chronic atrial fibrillation is present and the patient is asymptomatic with no hemodynamic compromise, and the ventricular rate is 50–100 beats/min, no therapy may be required. For acute-onset AF with hemodynamic compromise, the therapy of choice is synchronized cardioversion at 100, 200, 300 and 360 joules. As with atrial flutter, rapid ventricular rates without hemodynamic compromise may be slowed with beta-blockers or calcium-channel blockers.7 If AF with rapid ventricular response deteriorates to hemodynamic compromise within the first 72 h of onset, synchronized cardioversion may be required to slow the ventricular rate. After 72 h, there may be potential for increased risk of systemic embolization due to atrial thrombus formation.10,11
Estimation of mechanical properties by transcatheter monitoring using local impedance and contact force
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2023
Sota Kawakami, Emiyu Ogawa, Hidehira Fukaya, Gen Matsuura, Sumire Aiga, Hiroshi Kumagai
The number of patients with arrhythmias is increasing because of the ageing global population. [1–5]. Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common type of arrhythmia, is mainly caused by abnormal excitation originating in the pulmonary veins [6,7]. The abnormal excitation causes irregular contraction of the atrial muscle, which increases the risk of intra-atrial thrombosis and stroke [8–10]. Therefore, patients with AF must use antithrombotic drugs for a long time. Catheter ablation is a well-established treatment for tachyarrhythmia [11]. In radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA), radiofrequency current is applied from the tip of the catheter to the myocardium to partially cauterise and block tachycardia circuits. The conduction of abnormal excitation to the myocardium is blocked by creating successive cauterisation sites in RFCA. If the lesion size (LS) is too small and discontinuous, the block of abnormal excitation will be incomplete. If it is too large, fragile necrotic areas can extend to surrounding tissue and perforation can occur [12].
Predictive validity of automated oscillometric blood pressure monitors for screening atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Seong-Hi Park, Kyung Ja June, Yun-Kyoung Choi
Atrial fibrillation is the most common persistent arrhythmia and is one of the most powerful risk factors for stroke.If AF is detected early, and with a high accuracy, among the elderly with a high risk of stroke, the early detection of AF afforded by using an AOBPM may increase the possibility of preventing and managing stroke.This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that the AOBPM is a tool with a sufficiently high predictive validity to screen patients with AF and provide a scientific basis for the decision on the applicability of the tool into practice.
Recent advances in the tools available for atrial fibrillation ablation
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Ahmed Kotb, Shui Hao Chin, G. Andre Ng
Atrial fibrillation (AF) remains a huge challenge to modern medicine with a major impact on public health. It is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia with more than 40 million worldwide living with the condition [1]. It is estimated that one in four adults over the age of 40 will present with AF at some point during their lifetime [2]. Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation has progressed significantly over the years, from an investigational procedure to mainstream therapy in patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation [1].