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Paediatrics
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
Hepatoblastoma is the most common hepatic tumour in children. Hepatoblastoma has an increased incidence in Beckwith–Weidemann syndrome, hemihypertrophy and biliary atresia; it is not associated with cirrhosis. Most hepatoblastomas occur under the age of three.
Lattice Boltzmann simulation of swelling of an implant for microtia manufactured with IPN hydrogel
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
Pedro J. Boschetti, Orlando Pelliccioni, Keisly Da Costa, Marcos A. Sabino
Microtia is a congenital deformity of the ear, which occurs in one of every 7000–8000 births (Baluch et al. 2014). It varies from small and slightly deformed ear, showing most of the structures of the auricle, which is known as grade I microtia, to the complete absence of external ear, called anotia or grade IV. Grade II microtia looks like a miniature ear accompanied by the complete atresia of the ear canal, and grade III presents a malformed lobule and the auricle is absent (Meurman 1957; Baluch et al. 2014). This malformation has been treated through the reconstruction of the ear, which is an esthetic treatment that aims to correct microtia (López Davis and Martín-Granizo 2011). The importance of the surgical reconstruction is due to psychosocial sequelae and the stigma associated with malformations of the ear (Luquetti et al. 2012). There are different variations of the auricular reconstruction process such as the Tanzer, Brent, Nagata, Firmin, and Park techniques. All these have in common that they need the surgical extraction of costal cartilage to manufacture the frame of the auricular pavilion (as shown in Figure 1) and require multiple surgeries (between two and four operations depending on the technique) in a period of 4–6 months (López Davis and Martín-Granizo 2011), consuming a lot of time in the operating room and its success depends on the skill and experience of the surgeon (Brent 1994; Baluch et al. 2014).
Device profile of the Bonebridge bone conduction implant system in hearing loss: an overview of its safety and efficacy
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Stephen Jones, Patrick Spielmann
Hearing implants are generally used in patients with hearing losses who are unable to use conventional type hearing aids for one reason or another. This may be due to a number of conditions, such as congenital atresia of the ear canal or microtia, acquired ear canal stenosis, or recurrent otitis externa associated with conventional hearing aid use. These devices may also be used in patients with unilateral severe sensorineural hearing loss or single-sided deafness, where the sound from the aided side is passed to the contralateral cochlea via bone conduction across the skull.
Aesthetic reconstruction of microtia: a review of current techniques and new 3D printing approaches
Published in Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 2018
Maureen T. Ross, Rena Cruz, Courtney Hutchinson, Wendy L. Arnott, Maria A. Woodruff, Sean K. Powell
Congenital defects and trauma often require intervention in the form of reconstructive surgery or the use of prostheses to aid treatment and recovery. One such congenital condition, microtia, is characterised by structural abnormality of the auricle (outer ear) (Kelley and Scholes 2007, Cabin et al. 2014). The condition occurs in approximately one in every 5000 births worldwide (Luquetti et al. 2011). Microtia can affect the orientation, size, relief pattern and position of the outer ear. In some cases, there is total absence of the outer ear which is termed artresia. Microtia is also associated with conductive hearing problems, with 76% of microtia patients having atresia of the ear canal preventing sound from reaching the inner ear (Ishimoto et al. 2007, van Nunen et al. 2014). Other hearing issues can include sound localisation difficulties due to the lack of an external ear which can direct sounds into the ear canal (Kaga and Asato 2016). This also results in a reduced ability to recognise speech in noisy environments, affecting a child’s learning potential in school (Walsh et al. 2008). More profoundly are the significant emotional and psychological impacts for children and their families (Horlock et al. 2005, Jiamei et al. 2008, Li et al. 2010, Johns et al. 2015). Children with microtia often show signs of anxiety, depression and have marked difficulty with social interaction (Horlock et al. 2005, Li et al. 2010, Johns et al. 2015). Restorative treatments such as auricular reconstruction have demonstrated improved psychosocial outcomes amongst patients, including less self-reported and parent-reported teasing from peers (Horlock et al. 2005, Jiamei et al. 2008, Steffen et al. 2008, Storck et al. 2014, Johns et al. 2015, Johns et al. 2016). Given these improvements, low-cost access to treatments that restore the natural aesthetic of each patient’s ear is important.