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Water Resources Engineering
Published in P.K. Jayasree, K Balan, V Rani, Practical Civil Engineering, 2021
P.K. Jayasree, K Balan, V Rani
One of the most important maintenance needed for either of these basins is to ensure that the orifice does not become blocked or clogged. Keeping the pipes clear of debris will ensure the ponds and basins are functioning properly. Keeping up with maintenance can reduce costly repairs in the future. Other maintenance includes: Identifying and repairing areas of erosion: A few times a year and after major storms, check for gullies and other disturbances on the bank.Removing sediment and debris: Keeping pipes clear of debris and removing sediment ensures proper function. Remove debris around and in ponds before it reaches the outlets to prevent problems.Maintaining vegetation: The amount of maintenance depends on the type of vegetation surrounding the basin. Some grasses need weekly mowing, and others can be maintained a couple of times a year.
Flow Rate and Volume Measurements
Published in O. Nelson Gary, Gas Mixtures, 2018
The disadvantages are few but significant. Only one critical flow rate is possible from each orifice, and the pressure differential required to maintain it is relatively high. Each orifice must be individually calibrated for even reasonable accuracy, since the flow rate from calculations can differ from the experimental flow by as much as 300%.63
Influence of thickness of metal foam on the conduction and convection heat transfer for a flat plate with metal foam impinged by a single circular air jet
Published in Experimental Heat Transfer, 2023
Ketan Yogi, Shankar Krishnan, S.V. Prabhu
Figure 1 shows the schematic of the experimental setup used in the present study to measure the local heat transfer distribution. Details of the experimental setup are available in Yogi et al. [29]. An air jet coming out from the tube impinges on the targeted plate normal to the tube nozzle axis. A circular tube having a 7.06 mm inner diameter serves as a nozzle. In account to ensure the hydrodynamically fully developed flow at the nozzle exit, the length and the diameter ratio (l/d) for the tube nozzle are kept at 110. A calibrated orifice meter is used for the measurement of the flow. Thermography is used to measure the temperature distribution of the targeted plate. An infrared thermal IR camera (“Thermoteknix” manufactured VisIR®640s model) is positioned on the back side of the targeted plate (opposite to the jet impingement side) to capture the IR images. The thermal IR camera is calibrated by the method suggested by Abraham et al. [40] by using calibrated thermocouples attached to a copper block with an embedded heater. The average emissivity is found to be 0.836. The uncertainty in the temperature measurement is not more than ℃. The air jet temperature is measured with the chromel-alumel (K-type) thermocouple at the exit of the nozzle. The thermocouples are calibrated using a constant temperature oil bath (Julabo F32-HP, −32°C to + 200°C).
Optimizing singly-charged electrosprayed particle throughput of an electrospray aerosol generator utilizing a corona-based charger
Published in Aerosol Science and Technology, 2022
Muhammad Miftahul Munir, Widya Sinta Mustika, Casmika Saputra, Martin Adrian, Asep Suhendi
There should be an optimum orifice diameter and carrier air flowrate that produce higher throughput. For this reason, each orifice diameter must have an optimal flow rate to achieve a better throughput (Mustika et al. 2021; Liu and Chen 2014). In this study, we assume that both orifice diameter and carrier airflow rate are independent. Therefore, to obtain the best performance, we find the optimum orifice diameter at a specific carrier air flowrate first and then find the optimum carrier air flowrate at optimum orifice diameter as found previously.
Thermal-Hydraulic Performance Analysis and Tube Inlet Orifice Design of a Once-Through Steam Generator
Published in Heat Transfer Engineering, 2021
Hun Sik Han, Young In Kim, Youngmin Bae, Sang Ji Kim
Consider a screw-type tube inlet orifice, as sketched in Figure 2. The orifice has a narrow spiral flow channel that provides high flow resistance. To determine the orifice size, it is useful to introduce the hydraulic resistance ratio, which is a measure of the pressure drop in the orifice and the subcooled region in comparison to the pressure drop in the two-phase and superheated regions