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Evaluation of Water and Its Contaminants
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 5, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
Other disasters have occurred damaging clean water. For example, the Minamata Disaster (1956) resulted in release of methylmercury in the industrial wastewater, Minamata bay and Shiranui sea Japan. Minamata disease resulted in a neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning. Symptoms included ataxia, numbness in the hands and feet, general muscle weakness, narrowing of the field of vision, and damage to hearing and speech. In extreme cases, insanity, paralysis, coma, and death followed within weeks of the onset of symptoms. A congenital form of the disease can also affect fetuses in the womb.
Vestibular and Related Oculomotor Disorders
Published in Anthony N. Nicholson, The Neurosciences and the Practice of Aviation Medicine, 2017
Nicholas J. Cutfield, Adolfo M. Bronstein
Consideration of an underlying malignancy (paraneoplastic cerebellar syndrome) must be given, with clinical examination and imaging (chest X-ray, mammography, computerized tomography of chest, abdomen and pelvis, or proton emission tomography, if available). Screening blood tests in isolated cerebellar dysfunction include those for thyroid function and antibodies, vitamin B12, vitamin E, antineuronal antibodies (paraneoplastic), autoimmune antibodies and liver function, as well as a full blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation, C-reactive protein and serum electrolytes. Apart from the specific vitamin deficiencies, other tests are done to detect predominantly autoimmune dysfunction. Coeliac disease antibodies are controversial. Genetic testing for the common spinocerebellar ataxias and episodic ataxia type 2 can be done if there is no cause on initial screening. These are usually negative in the absence of a positive family history, but de novo mutations do occur.
Views of wheelchair users and caregivers regarding a passive safety monitoring system for electric powered wheelchair operators with cognitive impairment
Published in Assistive Technology, 2022
William D. Kearns, Adam J. Becker, John P. Condon, Victor Molinari, Ardis Hanson, William Conover, James L. Fozard
Power mobility offers a wide range of potential benefits. For some users, power mobility offers independence within a facility and/or community, enhances functional capability, offers increased access to the local environment, and increases opportunities for socializing (Mortenson, Miller, Backman, & Oliffe, 2012). However, physical, visual, and cognitive impairments make driving an electric powered wheelchair potentially unsafe. Upper-body physical impairments (ataxia, bradykinesia, dystonia, weakness/fatigue, spasticity, tremor and paralysis), visual impairments (low vision or blindness, limitations in head, neck or eye movement, visual field loss and visual field neglect) (Simpson, LoPresti, & Cooper, 2008) are often the focus of mobility research. However, cognitive impairments (executive function deficits, impaired attention, agitation, or impulse control problems) also can result in serious mobility limitations and safety concerns (Webber, Porter, & Menec, 2010). The focus of our research, therefore, was to determine the feasibility of the concept of a passive monitoring system for detecting cognitive impairment in electric powered wheelchair users.
Deep brain stimulation and other surgical modalities for the management of essential tremor
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Kai-Liang Wang, Qianwei Ren, Shannon Chiu, Bhavana Patel, Fan-Gang Meng, Wei Hu, Aparna Wagle Shukla
The main disadvantages of DBS are higher expenses and risks of infection since electrodes are foreign material for patients. The battery implantation and change in battery procedure require general anesthesia. Although DBS replaces pathological neuronal activity with a more efficacious extrinsically applied stimulation pattern, the exact mechanism of tremor suppression continues to remain less understood [60,61]. DBS can alleviate the undesirable adverse effects with its capability for reversible programming [62]. DBS is one of the safe therapies for treatment of bilateral tremor symptoms without the high risk of severe complications, such as dysarthria, dysphagia and ataxia, reported in patients with thalamotomy lesioning procedures. The newer DBS devices allow better programming, better management with minimal possibilitiy of AE. For example, with the newer directional lead, we can steer the direct of the current to avoid unintended stimulation of structures close to intended targets. With a closed-loop algorithm that involves monitoring physiological feedback from the electrodes, automatic adjustment of IPG settings can be achieved [63–65]. Even though it is still experimental and not available for routine clinical practice, there are distinct advantages that should be leveraged for more efficient programming [66].
Biosorption of heavy metals from water: mechanism, critical evaluation and translatability of methodology
Published in Environmental Technology Reviews, 2022
Risha Jasmine Nathan, Arvind Kumar Jain, Rhonda J. Rosengren
Copper: Cu is an essential trace element [54]. However, chronic Cu toxicity results in diseases such as Wilson’s disease (mental alterations, dysarthria, dysphagia, ataxia, difficulty in writing, haemolytic anaemia, renal tubular dysfunction, renal stones, and fulminant hepatic failure) and Indian childhood cirrhosis (inflammation of the hepatocytes and a severe micronodular fibrosis) resulting in poor hepatocyte regeneration and fibrosis [55–57]. Additionally, exposure to Cu through contaminated drinking water has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease [58], Parkinson’s disease [59], memory and learning dysfunction [60], arteriosclerosis, diabetes mellitus [61].