China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Advanced technical textile products
Published in T. Matsuo, Textile Progress, 2019
Artificial kidney is the system that artificially purifies the blood on the basis of dialysis. Its module is consisted of a large number of hollow membrane fibers, as shown in Figure 20. Water and waste substances contained in blood are introduced into the hollow part and diffuse through fiber membrane on the basis of their concentration gradient. The typical example of inner diameter and membrane thickness of the fiber is 200 and 10 gm, respectively. Several kinds of materials for the membrane have been developed such as regenerated cellulose, triacetate, polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacylate, polyvinyl alcohol, and polysulfone. The material is selected and/or modified in order to avoid bioincompatibility troubles such as complement activation and/or leukocyte reduction. Several kinds of countermeasures to realize the uniform contact of dialyzing liquid with membrane fibers have been taken. They include uniform fiber crimping, spiral winding of thin yam on fiber, and the introduction of a certain projection to fiber.
How Chemical Engineering Helps to save Lives – Biomedical Engineering –
Published in Shintaro Furusaki, John Garside, L.S. Fan, The Expanding World of Chemical Engineering, 2019
The most commonly used artificial organ is the artificial kidney, a machine that performs a treatment known as hemodialysis. This process cleanses the blood by dialysis and filtration, simple physicochemical processes. Dialysis can be defined as a transfer of mass between two solutions that have different solute concentrations. The solutions are kept apart by a semipermeable dialysis membrane and a difference in the rate of transfer of individual species in the two solutions results in the required separation (Figure 17.3). Filtration refers to the use of a pressure differential to force a solute through a semipermeable membrane, thereby separating the dissolved materials or the solute from the solvent.
Current Trends in Membrane Science
Published in Mihir Kumar Purkait, Randeep Singh, Membrane Technology in Separation Science, 2018
Mihir Kumar Purkait, Randeep Singh
The artificial kidney process is known as dialysis. In this, blood is passed through a special membrane so as to remove the waste and excessive fluids. The clean blood is then returned back to the body. The working principle of this membrane process is discussed in detail in Chapter 2.
From portable dialysis to a bioengineered kidney
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2018
Maaike K. van Gelder, Silvia M. Mihaila, Jitske Jansen, Maarten Wester, Marianne C. Verhaar, Jaap A. Joles, Dimitrios Stamatialis, Roos Masereeuw, Karin G. F. Gerritsen
A WEarable Artificial KIDney (WEAKID) has been developed by Nanodialysis BV (Oirschot, the Netherlands) in collaboration with the University Medical Center Utrecht (the Netherlands), Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE, Italy) and SERMAS Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ, Spain) as part of the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [59]. The WEAKID system comprises a sorbent cartridge containing an ion exchanger and activated carbon and is combined with dialysate during the night. This system is intended to provide 8 h of tidal PD at night using the patient’s existing single-lumen PD catheter. Optionally, a wearable device (~1.5 kg), containing a second sorbent cartridge, can provide additional clearance during the day. The consortium is preparing clinical trials.