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Future Developments in Human Thermography
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Atherosclerosis entails the buildup of fatty plaque in the artery walls, ultimately restricting blood flow or flaking off as emboli. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process.53 The inflammation is both local and systemic, with both the innate and adaptive immune systems playing key roles in its initiation and progression.54 Arteries are generally located too deep anatomically to be detected by thermal imaging (except during surgery), but they can be studied by other thermological methods.
Coanda Effect in a Human Body
Published in Noor A. Ahmed, Coanda Effect, 2019
We will now consider a scenario when the Coanda effect may occur and produce adverse consequences [33], in the operative treatment of aneurysm. According to the American Heart Association, an aneurysm is said to occur when part of an artery weakens, allowing it to widen abnormally or balloon out.
Soft Tissue Replacements
Published in Joseph D. Bronzino, Donald R. Peterson, Biomedical Engineering Fundamentals, 2019
K. B. Chandran, K. J. L. Burg, and S. W. Shalaby
Acetol: Product of the addition of 2 mol of alcohol to 1 mol of an aldehyde. Aneurysms: Abnormal bulging or dilatation of a segment of a blood vessel or myocardium. Artery: Blood vessel transporting blood in a direction away from the heart. Atherosclerosis: Lipid deposits in the intima of arteries. ATS valve: A bileaet mechanical valve made by ATS (Advancing the Standard), Inc. Autoclaving: Sterilizing by steam under pressure. Biomer: Segmented polyurethane elastomer. Bioprostheses: Prosthetic heart valves made of biological tissue. Blood oxygenators: Extracorporeal devices to oxygenate blood during heart bypass surgery. Bovine heterograft: Gra material (arterial) transplanted from bovine species. Calcification: Deposition of insoluble salts of calcium. Cardiac pacemakers: Prosthesis implanted to stimulate cardiac muscles to contract. Cardiopulmonary bypass: Connectors bypassing circulation to the heart and the lungs. Catheters: Hollow cylindrical tubing to be passed through the blood vessels or other canals. Cavitation bubbles (vapor cavitation): Formation of vapor bubbles due to transient reduction in pres
Mathematical investigation of drug dispersion in the blood flow through Stenotic-Aneurysm tapered blood vessel
Published in International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 2023
J V Ramana Reddy, Hojin Ha, S Sundar
Blood vessels play a crucial function in the circulatory system. They are passages that carry blood from the heart to all areas of the body and back, as well as from the heart to the lungs and back. Arteries vary greatly in diameter across different types, with their size range typically spanning from approximately less than to [4]. An artery is a blood vessel that transports oxidized blood away from the heart, whereas a vein is a blood channel that transports blood toward the heart. The lumen of the arteries is nearly spherical, but the lumen of the veins is uneven and frequently collapses. Blood flow simulation for a patient-specific type-B aortic dissection investigates the effects of anti-hypertensive drugs on hemodynamic metrics [5]. In contrast to arteries, veins are thin-walled vessels with a wide and irregular lumen. Diseases of the arteries, veins, and lymph vessels indicate blood flow abnormalities that influence circulation, causing organ function to be disrupted. An aneurysm is a pathological condition that weakens the wall of a blood artery due to the bulging region, resulting in an abnormal widening or ballooning of more than 50% of the standard diameter [6]. Arteries are more vulnerable to aneurysms than veins among the many blood vessels.
Identifying heart disease risk factors from electronic health records using an ensemble of deep learning method
Published in IISE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering, 2023
Linkai Luo, Yue Wang, Daniel Y. Mo
Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In the United States, heart disease and related diseases account for more than 600,000 deaths annually (CDC, 2022). The annual total cost due to heart diseases has been reported to reach 108.9 billion dollars, including medications, medical services, and lost productivity (Heidenreich et al., 2011). The development of heart disease is complicated and depends on numerous risk factors. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines these as “any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury” (WHO, 2023). Medical research has indicated that risk factors related to heart disease include lifestyle factors such as smoking, hereditary factors such as family history of heart disease, and specific clinical conditions such as coronary artery disease (CAD), diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension (Dokken, 2008). Identifying and reducing potential risk factors are critically important for early prevention and treatment and to reduce the incidence of heart disease worldwide.
Study on Fractional Order Arterial Windkessel Model Using Optimization Method
Published in IETE Journal of Education, 2023
From section 4.3, it is noted that the FO Wk4 model gives better closeness to the clinical data. Hence, the FO Wk4 model is further used for simulating diseases like atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness. Atherosclerosis is the narrowing of arteries caused by cholesterol plaques (fat, calcium) lining the artery over time. This increases the resistance to the blood flow and can put blood flow at risk as arteries become blocked. Atherosclerosis begins with damage to the thin layer (endothelium) on the wall of arteries. This is simulated by changing the resistance in the FO Wk4 model. When the elastic property of the aorta decreases the stiffness of arteries to the blood flow increases. This increases the pressure inside the aorta. This condition is simulated by changing the capacitor of the FO Wk4 model. The corresponding pressure profiles with abnormalities are simulated and shown in Figure 15.