China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The Mechanical Changes Associated with Aging in the Cardiovascular System
Published in Michel R. Labrosse, Cardiovascular Mechanics, 2018
Both atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis significantly correlate with age. In the case of atherosclerosis, empty yellow circles in Figure 11.1, denoting an anatomically normal intima, are abundant up to 40 years, whereas almost everyone older than 60 years of age shows a severity of atherosclerosis at least equal to 2, corresponding to the presence of advanced, calcified, or even ruptured plaques (see Table 11.1 for classification details). Since arteriosclerosis is characterized by the stiffening and dilatation of arteries, the lower left panel in Figure 11.1, showing the relationship between the aortic radius and age, documents how strong the correlation is between age and arteriosclerotic changes; the Pearson correlation coefficient computed for logarithms of age and radius is R = 0.837, with p < 0.001.
Potential Targets for Imaging Atherosclerosis
Published in Robert J. Gropler, David K. Glover, Albert J. Sinusas, Heinrich Taegtmeyer, Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging, 2007
David N. Smith, Mehran M. Sadeghi, Jeffrey R. Bender
Vascular cell proliferation and geometrical remodeling are key components of vascular remodeling. Although present in atherosclerosis, neointima formation is the predominant feature in postangioplasty restenosis and graft arteriosclerosis. Phenotypic changes in VSMC associated with VSMC proliferation and migration may be targeted in vivo for imaging vascular remodeling. Z2D3 is an IgM with specificity for an antigen associated with the proliferating smooth muscle cell within human atherosclerotic lesions. The exact nature of the antigen is not well defined, but the antibody can specifically recognize proliferating VSMC in vivo (134). Radiolabeled Z2D3 has been successfully used to detect rabbit experimental atherosclerotic lesions and porcine stent restenosis (134,135). Z2D3 uptake correlates with cell proliferation in both models.
Drug Discovery in Microbial Metabolites: The Search for Microbial Products with Bioactive Properties
Published in Nduka Okafor, Benedict C. Okeke, Modern Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2017
Nduka Okafor, Benedict C. Okeke
Cholesterol is important in cardiovascular disease because it is deposited on the walls of blood vessels decreasing the blood vessel diameter leading to high blood pressure and, in some cases, to occlusion of the blood vessels. This may lead to heart attacks or strokes depending on whether the occlusions occur in a blood vessel leading to the heart or one leading to the brain. Acyl co-enzyme A cholesterol transferase (ACAT) plays an important part in atherogenesis and cholesterol adsorption from the intestine. ACAT inhibitors may therefore be useful in treating arteriosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol). Many new ACAT inhibitors have been identified in recent times, including some from Fungi.
Accumulation of heavy metals in meat and their relationship with water and food intake of aquatic animals in Kermanshah, western Iran
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Hanieh Poopak, Mahdieh Raeeszadeh, Behnam Salimi
Consumption of seafood, more importantly fish and shrimp is considered as one of the main ways of human contact with heavy metal pollution (Baki et al. 2018). Various reports have been presented thus far about the diseases caused by the accumulation of heavy metals in fish and the effects of these pollutants on the aquaculture production rate. García-Lestón et al. found that lead could develop kidney failure, liver damage, coma, mental retardation, and even death (García-Lestón et al. 2010). Another study reported that cadmium damages the kidneys, and causes acute hypocalcemia and growth retardation (Jia et al. 2017; Raeeszadeh and Fallah 2018). Although copper, iron, manganese, and zinc are essential elements for metabolism, they can pose significant health risks as accumulated at certain thresholds. Relatively, high levels of copper and zinc cause nephritis, anuria, and extensive renal lesions (Sivaperumal et al. 2007). Isangedighi and David stated that, due to its effects on cellular defenses and energy generation, mercury could induce toxicity and widespread symptoms in many organs such as the nervous system (tremors, memory impairment, and loss of coordination), the cardiovascular system (hypertension, stroke, arteriosclerosis, and heart attacks) and the digestive system (nausea, diarrhea, and gastric ulcers) (Isangedighi and David 2019).
A review on femoropopliteal arterial deformation during daily lives and nickel-titanium stent properties
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2022
Ali K. Kareem, Mustafa M. Gabir, Inas R. Ali, Al E. Ismail, Ishkrizat Taib, Nofrizalidris Darlis, Omar M. Almoayed
Due to arterial arteriosclerosis, they attribute about 90% of the cases of patients with PAD [10]. Inflammatory arteriosclerosis disease occurs in the artery wall with several multistage progressions. It begins via lesion inception during artery endothelial-damage, which occurs by different reasons, for example, mechanical stress during limb flexion, metabolic disorders related to risk reasons, hemodynamic troubles and various inflammatory or resistant processes, such as increased oxidative stress [9]. The second step of progress is called progressive occlusive-lesions [16]. The factor leading to this stage is the non-clinical importance of thickening of the internal intima that could lead to haemodynamics of important fibroproliferative-atheroma, where the advanced level of lesion attacks the deeper layers of the artery wall. This type of lesion contains a complex structure of elastin, a composed layer of collagen, macrophages, soft muscle-cells, and a nucleus that includes fats, necrotic cells or calcium residue. The differentiation of PAD lesion diseases with coronary artery plaque, known as PAD lesions. Typically has additional fibrous with additional calcium amounts that could lead to spreading through the tunica-media [17,18]. However, the field of reasons for the aetiology of FPA lesions is still unclear, making it an active research topic [19–24].
Numerical simulation of electroosmotic force on micropolar pulsatile bloodstream through aneurysm and stenosis of carotid
Published in Waves in Random and Complex Media, 2021
A. M. Abdelwahab, Kh. S. Mekheimer, Khalid K. Ali, A. EL-Kholy, N. S. Sweed
Arteriosclerosis can occur due to the postulated mechanism for the mass transfer that relies on cholesterol shear between the blood and the arterial wall [21,22]. To the correct evaluation about the potential correlation between atherosclerosis lesion sites and modifications of mass transport, it is more important to accurately describe the actions of local mass transport. In addition, in the investigation of the development and formation of atherosclerosis lesions, the transfer of mass in arterial stenosis should be understood as significant. The presence of stenosis distinguishes the flow with the complex blood circulation features, which in turn affects the transfer of mass. Ojjela and Kamar [23] examined the heat and mass transfer with the chemical reaction influence of micropolar fluid in the expansion or contraction of walls with Hall and ion slip currents. Mekheimer et al. [4] discussed the elastic tapered arteries with overlapping stenosis under influence of chemical reactions and heat transfer on blood flow.