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Carbon Monoxide-Induced Impairment of Learning, Memory, and Neuronal Dysfunction
Published in David G. Penney, Carbon Monoxide, 2019
Masayuki Hiramatsu, Tsutomu Kameyama, Toshitaka Nabeshima
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning has been a well-known cause of a wide variety of neurologic and psychiatric problems. Following acute CO poisoning, 25 to 40% of patients died on initial exposure, while 10 to 30% of patients developed neuropsychiatric problems 1 to 3 weeks after exposure (Ginsberg, 1979). Usually delayed neuropsychiatric problems occur after a clear period of apparent recovery and show one or more symptoms of dementia, such as loss of intellectual ability of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning, memory impairment, impairment of abstract thinking or judgment, disturbance of higher cortical functioning (aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, or personality change) (Min, 1986) (Table 1). Necroses of the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, the substantia nigra, and the globus pallidus have been discovered through anatomical study (Lapresle and Fardeau, 1967), computed tomography (Sawada et al., 1980; 1983), and magnetic resonance scanning (Horowitz et al., 1987). Nevertheless, the etiology of this phenomenon remains unclear.
Case Studies
Published in Nicholas Stergiou, Nonlinear Analysis for Human Movement Variability, 2018
Anastasia Kyvelidou, Leslie M. Decker
The stroke patient was recruited from the regular outpatient clinic of the Department of Neurological Sciences at the University of Nebraska Medical Center. The inclusion criteria for the stroke survivor included the following: (1) first time “diagnosed’ carotid distribution ischemic, hemorrhagic, or brainstem stroke, at least 3 months after the incidence, (2) age >55 and <70, (3) lived in the community prior to stroke, (4) mild-to-moderate stroke based on the Orpington Prognostic Score >2.8 and <5, (5) Folstein Mini-Mental Score >25.64, and (6) free of major poststroke complications (e.g., recurrent stroke, hip fracture, and myocardial infarction). The stroke patient was screened to have a unilateral lesion; whose dominant side was affected; and who has at least 20/40 corrected vision (visual acuity testing). Subjects, who had a stroke due to subarachnoid hemorrhage, lesions in either temporal or in parietal lobe leading to asomatognosia or unilateral neglect, with progressing dementia, posterior circulation stroke, obtunded or comatose, a history of fractures or injuries in the lower limb of less than 6 months duration, apraxia (Florida Apraxia Score <27), more than one stroke episode, pain at the time of screening, neglect, poorly controlled diabetes, amputation, blind, progressive neurological diseases (e.g., Parkinson’s disease), peripheral nerve pathology, and lived more than 60 miles from University of Nebraska Omaha, were excluded from this case study.
Conclusions
Published in Cristy Ho, Charles Spence, The Multisensory Driver, 2017
The design of a number of the driving experiments reported in this book was based on the well-learnt association between the rear space behind a driver and its representation in the rearview mirror positioned in front of a driver. The process of learning the ‘affordance’ of mirrors has been argued to play an important role in shaping people’s perception of the space that can only be (or, is typically) seen by means of a mirror’s reflection (see Loveland, 1986). Interestingly, Binkofski et al. (2003) found that individuals with mirror apraxia (resulting from lesions of the posterior parietal cortex, that caused deficits in reaching for objects that are only visible via a mirror) can exhibit a dissociation between their body schema and their peripersonal space, with mirror apraxia affecting the processing of stimuli presented in the peripersonal space inspected via a mirror yet keeping the processing of stimuli presented on their body surface viewed via a mirror intact. Binkofski and his colleagues claimed that their findings supported the idea of a unique body schema representation that exists in the mirror space (independent of its representation in the actual world under conditions of direct viewing). These findings suggest a special processing mechanism for the representation of mirrored stimuli (see also von Fieandt, 1966).
Electromagnetic articulography (EMA) for real-time feedback application: computational techniques
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2019
B. Haworth, E. Kearney, P. Faloutsos, M. Baljko, Y. Yunusova
The use of augmented kinematic visual feedback for motor learning and recovery has been supported by motor learning and rehabilitation science and practice, fields that are currently moving towards visualisation and gamification. In the realm of speech analysis and rehabilitation, research has been mostly concerned with speech acoustics. There is a rapidly growing interest, however, to analyse articulatory kinematics and apply state-of-the-art practices to rehabilitation of motor speech disorders such as dysarthria and apraxia of speech (AOS). It is our current premise that an effective and usable system will translate into meaningful quality-of-life outcomes for many people.
A Survey of Technologies Facilitating Home and Community-Based Stroke Rehabilitation
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
Xiaohua Sun, Jiayan Ding, Yixuan Dong, Xinda Ma, Ran Wang, Kailun Jin, Hexin Zhang, Yiwen Zhang
Language difficulty is a commonly seen symptom for people after stroke, manifested as the impairment of practically all linguistic abilities, such as difficulties in naming, pronouncing and writing, etc. (Sinanović et al., 2011). Patients are frequently diagnosed with speech disorders of various sorts and intensities, primarily aphasia and apraxia of speech, due to the affected Language function areas in the brain and the level of damage produced by stroke changing (Vidović et al., 2011). For middle-aged and senior stroke patients, treating speech impairments, which needs long-term rehabilitation, can be a complex and tough task.
Smart ankle bracelet-laser device to improve gait and detect freezing of gait in Parkinsonism patients: a case series
Published in Assistive Technology, 2022
Chompoonuch Ratanasutiranont, Kwan Srisilpa, Pichet Termsarasab, Peeraya Ruthiraphong
A 58-year-old Thai woman had a cardiac arrest due to a massive pulmonary embolism. After recovering from the condition, she began having difficulty walking. Upon clinical evaluation, she was diagnosed with right hemi-parkinsonism with corticobasal syndrome-like features (mild ideomotor apraxia and agraphesthesia of the right hand), and freezing predominantly in the right leg, secondary to hypoxic brain injury involving the bilateral basal ganglia, with more severe injury on the left ganglion. FOG had been a predominant symptom for 5 years and was refractory to 600 mg/day of levodopa and 4 mg/day of ropinirole. FOG had been significantly worse in the past 2 years, and resulted in multiple falls. In addition, she had some impairments in attention. Red lines on the floor in her house were used as external cues to reduce FOG. However, the fixed visual cues were useful only for ambulation at home. Mobile visual (gait aid laser) cues, such as walker or cane lasers, were not suitable because her attention deficit resulted in an inability to manually control the device to effectively project the laser line. She was referred to our rehabilitation clinic for gait management, which included fall reduction. After a few minutes of trialing the device, gait speed and stride length increased from an average of 0.44 m/s and 0.68 m with the laser off to 0.50 m/s and 0.73 m with the laser on. The TUG test time decreased from 39.60 to 21.70 seconds after the laser cue was turned on. FOG predominantly occurred during turning, which necessitated physical assistance to secure stability, as shown in Video 1. The maximum %FOG was 47% during walking with the laser off. However, with the laser on, %FOG showed a marked reduction to less than 5% (Video 2). The FOG monitoring data detected by the device are shown in Figure 4. No adverse effects were observed. She was not able to participate in the follow-up because of COVID-19-related reasons and family issues.