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Antimicrobial Resistance, Climate Change, and Public Health
Published in Suhaib A. Bandh, Javid A. Parray, Nowsheen Shameem, Climate Change and Microbial Diversity, 2023
The development of antiparasitic and anthelmintic resistance is again a very simple natural phenomenon and whatever the better way and drugs man chooses to treat and control parasitic diseases, the more likely resistance develops due to the presence of already resistant genes in the target populations and a selective drug proves only as a stimulus to differentiate a susceptible and a resistant genotype in the parasite populations and communities. Once the resistance genes become fixed in the parasite genome the resistance becomes a prolonged phenomenon. Besides the parasite genotype, the untimely drug usage, over/under dosage, adopting of the improper route of administration in the host are the other risk factors for the development of antiparasitic and anthelmintic resistance. Further, there are so many important debatable issues surrounding the drug resistance both at the farmer and industrial level that there is a need for the evaluation of other alternative drugs and methods/strategies to control the infections.
Production of Life-Saving Drugs from Marine Sources
Published in Prasenjit Mondal, Ajay K. Dalai, Sustainable Utilization of Natural Resources, 2017
The bengazoles, a family of marine NPs, were first reported from sponge Jaspis sp. with anthelmintic activity against the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Adamczeski et al. 1988). Afterward, bengazole-A (63) exhibited ergosterol-dependent in vitro antifungal activity against C. albicans with a potency similar to amphotericin-B (Richter et al. 2004).
Development of mebendazole loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for lymphatic targeting: Optimization, characterization, in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2021
Saurabh Shrivastava, Bina Gidwani, Chanchal Deep Kaur
Mebendazole (MBZ) is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic drug of the benzimidazole class. Chemically, MBZ is methyl-5-benzoyl benzimidazole-2-carbamate (Hashimoto et al. 2016). It is available in tablets or suspension dosage form for the treatment of helminthic infections. It has poor aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability. It causes many adverse effects such as anemia and liver damage in high dose (Rao et al. 2018). It is a well-known anthelmintic drug, but due to its poor aqueous solubility, low bioavailability and high first-pass metabolism, it has not achieved therapeutic efficacy of the drug (Hashimoto et al. 2016). Hence, there is a need to reformulate anti-filarial drugs taking the advantages of nanotechnology through an extensive variety of nanoformulation, which can deliver the drugs particularly at the site of action, provide sustain release of the drug, improve the drug efficacy and enhance bioavailability of the drug.
Good management practices of venomous snakes in captivity to produce biological venom-based medicines: achieving replicability and contributing to pharmaceutical industry
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2021
Lucilene Santos, Cristiano Oliveira, Barbara Marques Vasconcelos, Daniela Vilela, Leonardo Melo, Lívia Ambrósio, Amanda da Silva, Leticia Murback, Jacqueline Kurissio, Joeliton Cavalcante, Claudia Vilalva Cassaro, Luciana Barros, Benedito Barraviera, Rui Seabra Ferreira
After screening, animals are accommodated in individual boxes in Quarantine 1 (Figure S4, Supplementary Material). Approximately 15 d after reception, the following procedures are performed: clinical examination, sexing, biometry and anthelmintic treatment (nematodes, ascariasis, and strongyloidiasis) and antiparasitic treatment (mites and lice) (Figure 2). The medication used is Ivermectin-based, at a dose of 0.06 ml/100 g animal weight by subcutaneous/intramuscular administration. This treatment is carried out every 6 months through two applications at 15-d intervals. The use of ivermectin in snakes is widely used in the routine of management and parasitological control of these animals (Carpenter and Marion 2012; Mitchell and Tully 2009; Souza et al. 2014).
Occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals in effluent and sludge from a wastewater treatment plant in Brazil
Published in Environmental Technology, 2021
Ramiro Pereira Bisognin, Delmira Beatriz Wolff, Elvis Carissimi, Osmar Damian Prestes, Renato Zanella
Sludge samples presented ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, besides caffeine. Only 4 pharmaceuticals were observed in the effluent at the solid phase: doxycycline (tetracycline group), fenbendazole (anthelmintic), norfloxacin (fluoroquinolones) and tetracycline (Table 2). The distribution of pharmaceuticals in influent and effluent samples were also observed at this phase. Their physicochemical properties including pKa, water solubility constants were demonstrated in Table S1.