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Marine Microbial Polysaccharides: Promising Immunomodulatory and Anticancer Potential
Published in Shakeel Ahmed, Aisverya Soundararajan, Marine Polysaccharides, 2018
Jing Li, Bingxiang Shen, Songliu Nie, Kaoshan Chen
Cancers begin at anaplastic cells with uncontrolled proliferation characteristics, which can invade adjacent tissues and metastasise to other tissues and organs, resulting in a dreadful and diverse group of diseases. Traditional cancer treatments include surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, but they cause large damage to the human body [50]. The anticancer activity of natural polysaccharides was first found in 1946. Subsequently, due to their negligible side effects in anticancer therapy, various studies have been focused on discovery of novel anticancer polysaccharides. Numerous studies have revealed that marine microbial polysaccharides can exert anticancer effects through the following common mechanisms [51]: inducing cancer cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, preventing metastasis and adhesion of cancer cells, strengthening the immune system, inhibiting tumour viruses and removing free radicals (oxidative stress can lead to cancer).
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Stachys byzantina K. Koch: characterization, antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activity
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2022
Fatemeh Yousefbeyk, Sara Dabirian, Saeed Ghanbarzadeh, Diba Eghbali Koohi, Parisa Yazdizadeh, Saeed Ghasemi
MTT assay was used to assess the cytotoxic activity of synthesized AgNPs and the extract against seven human cell lines, including six human cancerous cell lines and a healthy cell line. The results showed that AgNPs had significant cytotoxicity against all cancerous cell lines with the IC50, ranged from 8.16 to 15.1 ± 2.23 µg.ml−1 (Table 5). The most susceptible cancerous cell line was epidermoid carcinoma cells (A431) with IC50 value of 8.16 ± 0.99 µg.ml−1. Also, AgNPs significantly reduced the viabilities of papillary thyroid carcinoma (B-CPAP) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) (IC50=11.39 ± 3.24 and 11.85 ± 0.33 µg.ml−1, respectively). The IC50 of AgNPs on anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (8305 C), prostatic adenocarcinoma (LNCaP), and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines were between 14.69 ± 1.44 and 15.1 ± 2.23 µg.ml−1. However, the aqueous extract of S. byzantina did not show any considerable cytotoxic activity on cancerous cells (IC50>1000 µg.ml−1). Moreover, the cytotoxic activity of AgNPs was tested against normal cells (Hu02) and the IC50 was 34.74 µg.ml−1.
Cetuximab-conjugated perfluorohexane/gold nanoparticles for low intensity focused ultrasound diagnosis ablation of thyroid cancer treatment
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2020
Yue Ma, Xiaoshan Peng, Lingling Wang, Haixia Li, Wen Cheng, Xiulan Zheng, Ying Liu
The Cell Bank of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China) acquired a human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma line (C643). The cells were grown in medium RPMI-1640 containing 10% FBS and 1% penicillin-streptomycin at 37°C in humidified air with 5% CO2. At the Laboratory Animal Center of Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital (Harbin, China), BALB/C Female both mice and nude mice (balancing about 19 g, 25 days) were bought then raised. All animals on our studies were collected from the Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital Laboratory Animal Center and retained in accordance with rules authorized by the Harbin Medical University’s Animal Ethics Committee (Harbin, China). Furthermore, all animal experimental activities were strictly in line with the policy of the Harbin Medical University’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), and this study was endorsed by the IACUC.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Schizophyllum commune and Geopora sumneriana extracts and evaluation of their anticancer and antimicrobial activities
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2022
Nazan Gökşen Tosun, Özlem Kaplan, İbrahim Türkekul, İsa Gökçe, Aykut Özgür
Cancer is a significant health problem and is the second leading cause of death in the world (Zafra-Tanaka et al. 2020; Kaplan et al. 2021). Chemotherapy is the most crucial step in the treatment of cancer patients (Claessens et al. 2020). Some limitations (drug resistance, side effects, etc.) observed in traditional chemotherapy have led to new approaches in cancer drug design. To reduce these limitations, AgNPs have attracted more attention as next-generation therapeutic systems due to their unique physical and chemical properties (Xu et al. 2020). In the current study, the anticancer activity of the synthesized SC-AgNPs and GS-AgNPs was evaluated against human breast, lung, colon, and liver cancer cell lines. Obtained results indicated that SC-AgNPs and GS-AgNPs exhibited antiproliferative activity against MCF-7, A549, HT-29, and HUH-7 cell lines. Numerous experimental studies reported that AgNPs could inhibit the viability of cancer cells (Alfuraydi et al. 2019; Gharpure et al. 2019; Almalki and Khalifa 2020; Ratan et al. 2020; Acharya et al. 2021) (Table 1). Yousefbeyk and coworkers examined the in-vitro anticancer activity of synthesized AgNPs using Stachys byzantina on A431 (epidermoid carcinoma), HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), 8305 C (anaplastic thyroid carcinoma), B-CPAP (papillary thyroid carcinoma), LNCaP (prostatic adenocarcinoma), MCF-7 cell lines. The results demonstrated that IC50 values of AgNPs were measured as 8.16 ± 0.99, 11.85 ± 0.33, 14.72 ± 0.11, 11.39 ± 3.24, 15.10 ± 2.23, and 14.69 ± 1.44 µM for treatment of 24 h in A431, HepG2, 8305 C, B-CPAP, LNCaP, and MCF-7 cell lines, respectively (Yousefbeyk et al. 2021). In another study, Mohammed et al. synthesized AgNPs using Curcuma amada and Zingiber officinale extracts, and their antiproliferative activities were investigated against HCT-15 colon cancer cell lines. These nanoparticles inhibited fifty percent of the cancer cell viability at a high dose (500 µg/mL) at 48 h (Mohammed et al. 2020). Khatamifar et al. carried out the plant-based synthesis of AgNPs using Quercus infectoria extract and their anticancer activities were investigated on the MCF-7 cell line. MTT assay indicated that AgNPs exhibited strong anti-proliferative activity in the concentration range of 625–125 µg/mL at 24 h (Taghavizadeh Yazdi et al. 2019). In this study, anticancer activities of the synthesized SC-AgNPs and GS-AgNPs were investigated in a wide spectrum of cancer types. The synthesized SC-AgNPs and GS-AgNPs displayed strong anti-proliferative activities on the HUH-7 cell line at low doses (50–3.12 µg/mL) at 48 h (p < 0.05). The GS-AgNPs inhibited HT-29 cell proliferation in the concentration range of 50–12.5 µg/mL at 48 h (p < 0.05). The SC-AgNPs and GS-AgNPs did not exhibit strong anti-proliferative activity on the A549 cell line for 48 h (p < 0.05). Also, the GS-AgNPs have anti-proliferative potential against MCF-7 cells at two extreme concentrations (50 and 25 µg/mL) at 48 h (p < 0.05).