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Microalgal Biomass: An Opportunity for Sustainable Industrial Production
Published in Arun Kumar, Jay Shankar Singh, Microalgae in Waste Water Remediation, 2021
Phycobiliproteins are water soluble and fluorescent proteins, which are categorized in to three basic groups: (a) phycoerythrin (red pigment), (b) phycocyanin (blue pigment), and (c) allophycocyanin (bluish green pigment).They make up the important part of photosynthetic apparatus in cyanobacteria as accessory pigments along with chlorophyll a. Due to fluorescence and high solubility, phycobiliproteins are used as food colorants, as chemical tags in cosmetics and biochemical research (Koller et al. 2014, Arad and Yaron 1992). Prasanna et al. (2010) observed that the proportion of phycocyanin in all cyanobacterial phycobiliproteins, alone makes about 20% of total dry weight, and is considered as an extensive pigment in bioindustry.
Cyanobacterial Phycobiliproteins – Biochemical Strategies to Improve the Production and its Bio Application
Published in Sanjeet Mehariya, Shashi Kant Bhatia, Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan, Algal Biorefineries and the Circular Bioeconomy, 2022
Khushbu Bhayani, Imran Pancha, Sandhya Mishra
Allophycocyanin (APC), with λmax – 650–655nm, is the most efficient biliprotien-transferring light energy (Gysi and Zuber, 1979) and is the key pigment in funnelling the photons from the biliproteins to the chlorophyll “a” of the PS-II. APC has an emission maximum of about 657nm, which allows them to transfer energy efficiently to chlorophyll (MacColl, 1998). APC at neutral pH is found as trimer (αβ)3, three α, and three β polypeptides; each polypeptide has only one bilin and is the important part of phycobilisome. The fluorescence assets of adjacent PC and absorption properties of AP ensure their function as an efficient acceptor.
Comparing Heterotrophic with Phototrophic PHA Production
Published in Martin Koller, The Handbook of Polyhydroxyalkanoates, 2020
Ines Fritz, Katharina Meixner, Markus Neureiter, Bernhard Drosg
The cyanobacterial biomass contains the pigments chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, phycocyanin and allophycocyanin. Their concentration depends on the available nutrients, especially nitrogen [4]. A remarkable concentration of phycocyanin up to 12% of the cell mass was analyzed in the PHB-producing Synechocystis CCALA192 [68]; other authors report up to 9% as high-producers [101]. In ecology, the phycocyanin content of aquatic habitats can be used for biomonitoring purposes, reflecting the nutrient status [71] or indicating heavy metal intoxication [43].
Using phycocyanin as a marker to investigate drying history and structure formation in spray drying
Published in Drying Technology, 2023
Nora Alina Ruprecht, Johannes Vincent Bürger, Reinhard Kohlus
Considering the abovementioned criteria, phycocyanin from the microalgae Spirulina platensis was chosen as the marker. Phycocyanins are chromophore-protein complexes with the main fractions being C-phycocyanin (cPC) and allophycocyanin (aPC). Both consist of the chromophore phycocyanobilin, which is bound to an apoprotein. In this manuscript, both cPC and aPC will be referred to as “phycocyanin”. In its natural state, the chromophore possesses an intense blue color. For that reason, phycocyanin is used as natural blue-colorant in food. Denaturation of the protein forces the chromophore into a stretched conformation, which results in a loss of color. Hence, the extent of denaturation can be determined spectrophotometrically.[11] There is already an extended literature on the thermolability, even at short timescales,[12] as well as on the effect of temperature,[12–15] pH value [13,15,16] and of stabilizing agents[13,17] on denaturation. However, these were only performed in a liquid state and not in semi-dry to dry state, as required for the here intended application to drying.