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Toxic Responses of the Lung
Published in Stephen K. Hall, Joana Chakraborty, Randall J. Ruch, Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses, 2020
Metal fume fever is a common occupational disease in environments where workers are exposed to the fumes of certain metals, as in foundries, rolling mills, welding operations, galvanizing operations, and molten metal processing. It is characterized by a feverish reaction to the inhalation of finely divided particles of metallic oxides. While zinc, copper, and magnesium are the chief offenders, cadmium, iron, manganese, nickel, selenium, tin, and antimony are responsible in some instances. The disease has an acute onset, and although there is no chronic form of metal fume fever, repeated episodes occur. The symptoms may develop in a new worker on his first day on the job and also in experienced workers on reporting to work after a weekend break, hence the popular term of “Monday morning fever.” Metal fume fever symptoms include a thirst and a metallic taste sensation. There is usually a time lag of several hours between exposure and the onset of symptoms. Later, the worker has rigors, high fever, muscular aches and pains, headache, and a generalized feeling of weakness. There may be nausea, vomiting and mental disturbances, usually marked by agitation. The worker sweats profusely, and the condition is often mistaken for influenza. The diagnosis of metal fume fever is dependent upon the worker’s occupational history. There is no recognized treatment of the disease.
Toxicology
Published in Martin B., S.Z., of Industrial Hygiene, 2018
Metal fume fever is a common occupational disease in environments where workers are exposed to the fumes of certain metals, as in foundries, rolling mills, welding operations, galvanizing operations, and molten metal processing. It is characterized by a feverish reaction to the inhalation of finely divided particles of metallic oxides. While zinc, copper, and magnesium are the chief offenders, cadmium, iron, manganese, nickel, selenium, tin, and antimony are responsible in some instances. The disease has an acute onset, and although there is no chronic form of metal fume fever, repeated episodes occur. The symptoms may develop in a new worker on his first day on the job and also in experienced workers on reporting to work after a weekend break, hence the popular term of “Monday morning fever.” Metal fume fever symptoms include thirst and a metallic taste sensation. There is usually a time lag of several hours between exposure and the onset of symptoms. Later, the worker has rigors, high fever, muscular aches and pains, headache, and a generalized feeling of weakness. There may be nausea, vomiting, and mental disturbances, usually marked by agitation. The worker sweats profusely, and the condition is often mistaken for influenza. The diagnosis of metal fume fever is dependent upon the worker’s occuplational history. There is no recognized treatment of the disease.
Introduction to Noninvasive Therapies
Published in Robert B. Northrop, Non-Invasive Instrumentation and Measurement in Medical Diagnosis, 2017
ECT can provide significant, rapid improvements (sometimes temporary) for the following psychiatric disorders (Mayo Clinic 2012): Severe depression, including thoughts of suicide and/or severe anorexia nervosaTreatment-resistant depression, where medications are not effectiveSevere mania, a state of intense euphoria, agitation, or hyperactivity that occurs as part of bipolar disorderCatatonia, characterized by lack of movement, fast or strange movements, lack of speech, etc.Agitation and aggression in patients with dementia
Can a Virtual Nature Experience Reduce Anxiety and Agitation in People With Dementia?
Published in Journal of Housing For the Elderly, 2018
Lori Reynolds, Susan Rodiek, Monica Lininger, Ms Aubrey McCulley
The number of people with dementia in the United States is rapidly increasing, from 5.5 million in 2017 to a projected 16 million by 2050, with the current annual cost of treating and caring for these individuals estimated at $259 billion (Alzheimer's Association, 2016). More than 90% of people with dementia will experience emotions of agitation and/or anxiety, accompanied by associated behaviors that may be very difficult for caregivers to manage (Cohen-Mansfield, 2008; Kales, Gitlin, & Lyketsos, 2014). Agitation-related behaviors include verbal, vocal, or motor activity that may be either aggressive or nonaggressive (Cohen-Mansfield, 2008). Anxiety-related behaviors include shrieking, repetitive calling out, hand wringing, and rapid breathing. These behaviors and associated negative emotions such as agitation and anxiety have multiple causes in which internal or external demands exceed a person's ability to function (Hall & Buckwalter, 1987). These negative emotions create stress for individuals with dementia, their caregivers, and health care workers (Kales et al., 2014).