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RGD-Modified Liposomes for Tumor Targeting
Published in Mansoor M. Amiji, Nanotechnology for Cancer Therapy, 2006
P. K. Dubey, S. Mahor, S. P. Vyas
Members of the integrin family of adhesion molecules are non-covalently-associated α/β heterodimers that mediate cell–cell, cell–extracellular matrix, and cell–pathogen interactions by binding to distinct, but often overlapping, combinations of ligands. Eighteen different integrin α-subunits and eight different β-subunits have been identified in vertebrates that form at least 24 α/β heterodimers, perhaps making integrins the most structurally and functionally diverse family of cell-adhesion molecules (Hynes 1992; Springer 1994) (Figure 32.2). Half of integrin α-subunits contains inserted (I) domains that are the principal ligand-binding domains (Shimaoka 2002). The complexity and structural and functional diversity of integrins allow this family of adhesion molecules to play a pivotal role in broad contexts of biology, including inflammation, innate and antigen specific immunity, haemostasis, wound healing, tissue morphogenesis, and regulation of cellular growth and differentiation. Conversely, disregulation of integrins is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseased states from autoimmunity to thrombotic vascular diseases to cancer metastasis (Curley, Blum, and Humphries 1999). Therefore, extensive efforts have been directed toward the discovery and development of integrins antagonists for clinical applications.
Imaging Cell Adhesion and Migration
Published in Margarida M. Barroso, Xavier Intes, In Vivo, 2020
Chandrani Mondal, Julie Di Martino, Jose Javier Bravo-Cordero
Cell adhesion is a biological process by which cells create contacts either with each other, or with the extracellular matrix (ECM). These adhesions are mediated via cell adhesion molecules (CAM), such as integrins, selectins, and cadherins. The interaction of a cell with a neighboring cell is mediated by adherens junctions, tight junctions, and desmosomes, while the interaction of a cell with the underlying ECM components, such as collagen, fibronectin, and laminin, occurs through focal adhesions, fibrillar adhesions, and hemidesmosomes (Niessen, 2007; Parsons et al., 2010).
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
Published in Ronald L. Fournier, Basic Transport Phenomena in Biomedical Engineering, 2017
There are four types of cell adhesion receptors (Hubbell, 1997). Three of these receptors are mainly involved in cell-cell interactions, and the fourth is involved in both cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions. The adhesion receptors used in cell-cell interactions include the cadherins, the selectins, and the cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). The receptors involved in cell-ECM interactions belong to a general family of adhesion receptors known as integrins (Horwitz, 1997).
Preparative enrichment of human tissue cells capable to change a site of growth in vitro or in vivo - Recent developments
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2018
Johann Bauer, Hari H. P. Cohly, Jayashree Sahana, Daniela Grimm
Comparing cell electrophoretic studies with space research reveals an amazing common aspect. By the application of both methods cells were detected, which are able to change or have changed their sites of growth. Interestingly, studies on proteins that are important for the regulation of electrophoretic mobility and for leaving the monolayer on the RPM unveiled a number of common key proteins (Table 1). Proteins mentioned in publications about both types of studies include fibronectin, integrins, focal adhesion kinase, paxillin, vinculin, talin, cell adhesion molecules, and cadherins, which are involved in the adhesion of cells to their neighbor cells or their ECM.[18,52–54,57,61–69] Moreover, also the tumor antigen p53 and caspase-3 were conspicuous, which regulate cellular growth and apoptosis.[56,65,66,70,71]
Carbon-based nanomaterials as scaffolds in bone regeneration
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2020
Liana Crisan, Bogdan Vasile Crisan, Simion Bran, Florin Onisor, Gabriel Armencea, Sergiu Vacaras, Ondine Patricia Lucaciu, Ileana Mitre, Mihaela Baciut, Grigore Baciut, Cristian Dinu
The majority of cellular adhesion molecules are part of 5 protein families. This constellation of cellular adhesion molecules allows the cells to form multicellular organisms, to form specific tissues, to interact with one another, allowing the deployment of some complex functions such as cell motility metabolism and cell division. As a result of the adhesion process, the cells develop specific cell junctions, which are made up of conglomerates of adhesion molecules that will stabilize these interactions and will promote the communication between cells.