China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Conditional Replication of Oncolytic Virus Based on Detection of Oncogenic mRNA
Published in Yashwant V. Pathak, Gene Delivery Systems, 2022
Rakesh Sharma, Arvind Trivedi, Robert Moffatt
Adenovirus biology offers the basis of a rational design of conditionally replicative adenoviruses. In humans, more than 50 different serotypes of adenovirus are known (47). On the basis of sequence homology and their ability to agglutinate red blood cells (48), these serotypes are divided into six species or subgroups, most of which are responsible for benign respiratory tract and gastrointestinal infections (49). The two most commonly described and developed for oncolytic therapy. The 2 and 5 (group C), species are non-oncogenic since the viruses replicate episomally (i.e., extrachromosomally) without host genome insertion (50, 51). Adenoviridae are a family of icosahedral, non-enveloped viruses, as they possess a protein capsid instead of a lipid membrane. These viruses have an approximately 30–40 kb linear dsDNA genome (51). The capsid protein, having a hexon, penton base and fiber, is principally responsible for host-receptor binding primarily through the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) and virus internalization (see Figure 8.1) (32, 52). These capsid proteins disassemble inside the cell and result in the subsequent nuclear import of the viral genome (53) for commencement of viral transcription.
Prevalence of Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) and Bovine Adenovirus (BAdV) genomes among air and surface samples in dairy production
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2020
Agata Stobnicka-Kupiec, Małgorzata Gołofit-Szymczak, Rafał L. Górny, Marcin Cyprowski
Zoonotic diseases are serious health outcomes caused by spread of germs between animals and people. Over the last 30 years infectious diseases have been recognized as one of the most significant public health problems, mainly due to the emergence of novel viral zoonotic diseases (Wang and Crameri 2014). Zoonotic pathogens can substantially impact public health both in terms of disease morbidity and in socioeconomic factors such as livestock productivity (McDaniel et al. 2014). According to available data, higher probability of zoonotic disease transmission occurs in case of domestic animals than in wildlife. Thus, it is important to focus research effort on their precise recognition (Morand et al. 2014; Warren and Sawyer 2019). It is worth to remember that RNA viruses usually pose higher zoonotic risk than DNA viruses, as they can emerge and spread very rapidly. The ability of RNA viruses to replicate in the cytoplasm (without nuclear entry) is the strongest single predictor of cross-species transmission, including probably human infections (Pulliam and Dushoff 2009; Tomley and Shirley 2009). Nevertheless, DNA viruses (e.g., Adenoviridae) may also be a risk factor for zoonoses and are suspected of being transmissible between humans and other mammals (Ghebremedhin 2014; Phan et al. 2006; Woolhouse et al. 2016).
Activated sludge and UV-C254 for Sapovirus, Aichivirus, Astrovirus, and Adenovirus processing
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Chourouk Ibrahim, Salah Hammami, Nesserine khelifi, Pierre Pothier, Abdennaceur Hassen
According to Rivadulla and Romalde (2020), the AiVs A and AiVs B genotypes are the most prevalent ones found globally. The Human Adenovirus (HAdVs) are isolated from adenoid tissue, as confirmed by Mennechet et al. (2019) and Rowe et al. (1953). These HAdVs are the membership of the Adenoviridae family and the genus of Mastadenovirus, which are classified based on their serology and sequencing into species A – G and “types”. They are transferred through the air by aerosolized droplets that reached the conjunctiva and upper airways, orally through feces, and close physical contact, or by contacting infected environmental surfaces.