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Telescopes for Inner Space: Fiber Optics and Endoscopes
Published in Suzanne Amador Kane, Boris A. Gelman, Introduction to Physics in Modern Medicine, 2020
Suzanne Amador Kane, Boris A. Gelman
Colon (also called colorectal) cancer is the third most common cancer in the US (apart from skin cancers) with 145,600 new cases in 2019, according to the American Cancer Society. It is also the second most deadly form of cancer in the US, after lung cancer, causing around 51,000 deaths per year. However, even if genetic testing gives you advanced notice by establishing that you have a genetic predisposition, no drug currently exists to safeguard you from eventually developing the disease. Your only recourse is to maintain a healthy lifestyle and to have regular screenings for precancerous growths. These growths, called polyps or adenomas, can be removed safely before they have progressed into malignant tumors. By searching for and removing polyps at an early stage, where the cancer remains localized and survival rates are 90%, physicians hope to virtually eliminate this painful and deadly disease. Indeed, the death rate from colon cancer has dropped significantly over the past 15 years, and early detection and treatment is thought to play a major role in this decline – this is one case where physicians can prevent cancer with advanced notice.
Clips for managing perforation and bleeding after colorectal endoscopic mucosal resection
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
A. S. Turan, G. Ultee, E. J. M. Van Geenen, P. D. Siersema
In case of suspicion of neoplastic growth into the submucosa, adenoma removal should preferably be performed with ESD [60]. Compared to EMR, ESD achieves a higher rate of en bloc resection and curative resection (46.2% and 42.3% vs 91.7% and 80.3%, respectively). Additionally, recurrence rates are much lower (12.2% vs 0.9%) [61]. These results were achieved in hospitals with experienced endoscopists and state-of-the-art equipment and devices. However, the incidence of delayed bleeding complications are similar to those in EMR and perforation risk is even increased compared to EMR (4–10%) [13,61,62]. This incidence may increase in less experienced hands. Prophylactic clipping may be valuable after ESD to prevent these complications, but large randomized trials are needed to determine efficacy for bleeding prophylaxis specifically [58,63,64].