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Alkaliphilic Bacteria and Thermophilic Actinomycetes as New Sources of Antimicrobial Compounds
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Jeyabalan Sangeetha, Industrial Biotechnology, 2017
Suchitra B. Borgave, Meghana S. Kulkarni, Pradnya P. Kanekar, Dattatraya G. Naik
Actinomycetes are Gram-positive bacteria but are distinguished from other bacteria by their morphology, high G+C content and on the basis of nucleic acid sequencing and pairing studies. Although some show pleomorphic and even coccoid elements, they characteristically have a filamentous mycelium and many produce spores that are easily detached and may become airborne when disturbed. They may thus be considered as the prokaryotic equivalent of fungi. Actinomycetes are well known for their ability to produce antibiotics and enzymes and for their ability to degrade complex and recalcitrant molecules, especially cellulose, lignocellulose and lignin, which makes them particularly important in composting.
An Overview of Protease Inhibitors
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Veena Sreedharan, K.V. Bhaskara Rao
Despite the fact that dozens of antibiotics have been identified, their toxic nature has limited their use. To address this issue, researchers are looking for novel drugs that are both effective and not hazardous. Marine actinobacteria produce a huge number of natural compounds (60–70%), many of which are valuable in pharmacological, therapeutic, and agricultural applications as shown in Figure 19.4 (Baltz, 2005). Actinomycetes are found to create bioactive compounds in eight taxa, with 267 products stated from 98 marine actinomycetes (Subramani and Sipkema, 2019).
Introduction: Exploitation of Conventional and Industrial Microorganisms
Published in Yoshikatsu Murooka, Tadayuki Imanaka, Recombinant Microbes for Industrial and Agricultural Applications, 2020
Modern fermentation industries developed after World War I. For example, Clostridium acetobutylicum and Aspergillus niger were used to produce acetone plus butanol and citric acid, respectively. Pénicillium chrysogenum and Streptomyces griseus were used to produce penicillin and streptomycin after World War II [1], and since then, it has become standard practice to screen numerous environmental isolates for their ability to produce antibiotics. The actinomycetes produce hundreds of antibiotics that include more than 70% of those known today [2].
Actinomycetes mediated microwave-assisted synthesis of nanoselenium and its biological activities
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2023
V. R. Ranjitha, V. Ravishankar Rai
Despite the various methods (Physical and chemical methods) involved in the synthesis of SeNPs, major drawbacks involve the use of toxic chemicals, high temperatures, non-sustainable protocols, and tedious processes restricting their use in biomedical applications (Habibullah, Viktorova, and Ruml 2021). Green approaches for the synthesis of nanoparticles possess considerable attention these days. One such promising approach in the green synthesis of nanoparticles is microbial-mediated synthesis from actinomycetes. Green synthetic methods for metal nanoparticles synthesis are considered effective synthetic methods, microwave-assisted biosynthesis is considered to be a highly effective synthesis because of the increase in reaction rate and homogenous heating compared to the conventional methods (Sheikhlou et al. 2020). Biosynthesis from the microwave irradiation method provides maximum stability, good particle size distribution, and minimum size (Mellinas, Jiménez, and Garrigós 2019). Microwave synthesis provides a superheating process that results in faster and more efficient heating that allows to complete reactions within a minute. While significant works related to the microwave-assisted synthesis of metal nanoparticles are reported (Singh, Rawat, and Isha 2016; Ashraf et al. 2020). But Actinomycetes mediated synthesis from microwave heating is not reported yet. Actinomycetes are known for the production of intracellular enzymes and diverse secondary metabolites that are of commercial interest (Manimaran and Kannabiran 2017).
Actinomycetes mediated synthesis, characterization, and applications of metallic nanoparticles
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2020
Suman Kumari, Nimisha Tehri, Anjum Gahlaut, Vikas Hooda
In this context, significant progress in the biosynthesis of NPs using actinomycetes has emerged as an eco-friendly, reliable, cost-effective, and vital phase of green chemistry that interlinks nanotechnology with microbial biotechnology. Actinomycetes are aerobic, gram positive, and filamentous bacteria. Many members of the Actinomycetales are widely known for the unique ability to produce secondary metabolites with various types of biological properties including antimicrobial, anticancer, antiparasitic, antioxidant and antibiofouling etc.[22,23]
Organism-derived phthalate derivatives as bioactive natural products
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 2018
Huawei Zhang, Yi Hua, Jianwei Chen, Xiuting Li, Xuelian Bai, Hong Wang
Actinomycete is one of the most important sources of natural products with a broad spectrum of bioactive properties.[28] It reported that Streptomyces sp. accounts for 80% of the bioactive natural products reported up to now of which biosynthetic capacities remain rival to researchers.[29] One strain Streptomyces cheonanensis VUK-A collected from a mangrove sediment sample (Bay of Bengal) was also shown to metabolize DEP (1),[30] which had antibacterial activity against Streptomyces epidermis with a MIC value of 32.0 μg/mL and cytotoxic effect on MDA-MB-231 cell lines by 72.5% at 1.0 mM.[31] Subsequently, one new phthalate analog 2-methyl butyl propyl phthalate (16) was isolated and characterized from the same strain S. cheonanensis VUK-A. In vitro cell proliferation assays showed the agent had strong cytotoxicity against cancer cells such as MDA-MB-231, Hela, OAW-42, MCF-7 cell lines and antifungal activity with MIC values ranged from 4.0 to 128.0 μg/mL.[30] Compound 2 (DBP) produced by Streptomyces albidoflavus[32] and Streptomyces melanosporpfaciens[33] was confirmed with good potential against the phytopathogenic or opportunistic bacteria and fungi, such as Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 KX852461, the causal agent of target spot disease in tobacco leaf.[33]Lentzea violacea strain AS08 collected from Northwestern Himalays was found to produce compound 3 (BIP) using the strategy named one strain-many compounds, which is an approach to change metabolic pathways or produce new secondary metabolites by activating different functional gene clusters. MTT assay showed this phthalate derivative had moderate activity against human cancer cell lines HCT-116 and A549 with IC50 values of 36.1 and 38.0 μM, respectively.[34]