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Environmental Protection
Published in Lawrence S. Chan, William C. Tang, Engineering-Medicine, 2019
Patients with chronic arsenic toxicity, documented by 0.1–0.5 mg/kg arsenic concentration detected on hair sample, commonly suffer the followings (Ratnaike 2003): Cardiovascular: hypertension, ischemic heart disease, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, gangrene.Gastrointestinal: diarrhea, vomiting, hepatomegaly, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis.Neurological: peripheral neuropathy, anesthesia, confusion, memory loss, cognitive impairment, cerebral infarction.Genitourinary: nephritis, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, kidney cancer.Endocrine: diabetes.Cutaneous: palmar and solar keratosis, skin cancer.
Introduction
Published in Chih-Chang Chu, J. Anthony von Fraunhofer, Howard P. Greisler, Wound Closure Biomaterials and Devices, 2018
H.W. Coover discovered tissue adhesives in the mid-1950s. Although they are not as popular as suture materials, particularly in the United States, they have a unique role among wound closure biomaterials. Unlike sutures, which hold the wound together mechanically, tissue adhesives chemically bond to the wounded tissues. Some surgeons prefer tissue adhesives over suture materials in certain types of surgery, such as joining blood vessels and closing lacerated solid organs. The special environment of tissues, their regenerative capacity, biodegradability, and tissue reactions to biodegradable products, however, make tissue adhesives more difficult to develop. The most representative tissue adhesives come from either the homologs of alkyl-α-cyanoacrylates or fibrin glues. They are used most frequently in the anastomosis of blood vessels and the small and large intestine. Other applications, such as the treatment of fragile tissues in liver, spleen, and kidney wounds, and in repairing ophthalmological, genitourinary, and cardiovascular systems, have also been reported. Even though tissue adhesives have certain advantages over suture materials, such as hemostatic capability and the lesser degree of tissue deformation that is important in plastic surgery, better properties like biodegradability and biocompatibility are required for satisfactory sutureless closure of wounds with these tissue adhesives. Several recent advances in biomaterials have addressed these critical concerns.
Expression of microRNA-155 and human telomerase reverse transcriptase in patients with bladder cancer
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2020
Ahmed Abdelgawad, Ahmed Mosbah, Laila A. Eissa
Bladder cancer (BC) is a genitourinary neoplasm with high incidence and mortality rates. It is the fourth most common malignancy in males, with an estimated 62,380 new cases and 12,520 deaths in 2018 [1]. BC is classified into two categories: non-muscle invasive BC (NMIBC) (stages Ta and T1) and muscle invasive BC (MIBC) (stages T2–4). Recurrence occurs in approximately 70% of cases, and high mortality rates are reported when BC becomes invasive [2].