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Principles of Green Chemistry
Published in Sanjay K. Sharma, Hasan Demir, Green Chemistry in Scientific Literature, 2019
Ultrasound propagates non-hazardous acoustic radiation, having physical and chemical effects on the reaction that formats chemical species not easily achieved under traditional conditions. Ultrasound technology causes cavitation, rapid dispersion, decomposition, and formation of nanostructure, helping to accelerate reactivity of substrates (Cintas and Luche 1999). The advantages of sonochemistry can be summarized as: Being an energy-efficient technique Potential to improve yields and selectivity Potential to increase safety Allowing to use of greener medium (aqueous), non-classical reagents Providing a possibility to change the course of a reaction (Cintas and Luche 1999)
A Perspective of Ultrasound-Related Micro/Nano Cancer Therapy
Published in Hala Gali-Muhtasib, Racha Chouaib, Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Treatment, 2020
Tingting Zheng, Yun Chen, Jiao Peng, Yu Shi, Jun Zhang, Haitao Xiao, Xiangmei Chen, Yongcan Huang, Tao Pei, Zhuxia Zhang, Xue Zhang, Xiaohe Bai, Li Liu, Jinrui Wang
Different from ultrasound thermal effect, which is about heat, ultrasound is believed to be able to transfer momentum to the tumor, and this is due to the existence of the pressure gradient [101–104]. As a result, this process would then lead to acoustic streaming and result in additional stoichiology effect for further tumor theranostics (Fig. 6.7) [105–110]. More so, the sonophoresis effect of acoustic radiation force (ARF) is well adopted in transdermal drug delivery applications [111, 112]. It has been suggested that ARF is able to enhance the tumoral uptake and effect of small-drug molecules [113–117]. On the other hand, it is best achieved with high intensities since ARF is determined by energy absorption.
Applications of Radio-Acoustic Tomography
Published in Blaunstein Nathan, Yakubov Vladimir, Electromagnetic and Acoustic Wave Tomography, 2018
Vladimir Yakubov, Sergey Shipilov, Dmitry Sukhanov, Andrey Klokov
Electromagnetic radiation interacts with electro-physical inhomogeneities in the propagation medium. In contrast to electromagnetic radiation, acoustic radiation interacts mainly with density contrasts in the sounding medium [1−4]. In this context, using ultrasound in the tomography of inhomogeneous media provides additional opportunities, in particular for detecting the type of material that hidden objects are made of. Integration of radio and acoustic sounding provides opportunities, for example, for the detection of explosives.
Effect of ultrasound-assisted osmotic dehydration pretreatment on the infrared drying of Pakchoi Stems
Published in Drying Technology, 2020
Xiao-Fei Wu, Min Zhang, Arun S. Mujumdar, Chao-Hui Yang
Ultrasound can create “cavitation” in the liquid,[13] causing tiny bubbles inside the liquid. The asymmetric implosions of these microbubbles can produce microjets, which not only enhances the permeability of the cell membrane but also acts as a stirring to form a solution vortex.[14] The application of ultrasound in the osmotic dehydration process contributes to improve mass transfer between the solid and liquid systems. In 1994, Floros and Liang[15] used acoustic radiation to assist diffusion through membranes and biomaterials. Subsequently, ultrasound was applied in osmotic dehydration by Simal et al.[16] to increase the transport rates. In recent years, UOD has been applied as an alternative pretreatment to diminish the drying time and improve the final product quality of the drying process. Bromberger Soquetta et al.[17] studied the effects of UOD pretreatment on the oven drying of the beet snacks. They found that this pre-drying treatment could save 22.2% of the drying time while retaining the quality of the dried product. Garcia-Noguera et al.[12] also stated that in the drying of strawberries, the implementation of UOD pretreatment resulted in a higher effective water diffusivity during the drying process. Therefore, 30.56% of the drying time was reduced in comparison to the untreated samples.
Production of acoustic radiation force using ultrasound: methods and applications
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2018
Many biomedical applications have been developed over the past two decades that utilize acoustic radiation force (ARF). Before these methods were developed a considerable amount of theoretical and fundamental work was done, which has been reviewed by Sarvazyan [1]. Additional, application-specific reviews of using ARF have also been published in the literature [2–5]. These reviews separately cover some of the topics addressed in this review. The general classes of applications include the measurement of mechanical properties, the manipulation of particles or cells, the modulation of cellular behavior, and the bioeffects related to the use of ARF. Ultrasound waves are transmitted into tissue or the medium of interest, and the momentum of the waves is transferred to the medium to cause deformation or particle displacement. The interactions of the ultrasound waves can be tailored by different methods of focusing or utilizing specific boundary conditions for optimizing the use of ARF to deliver forces in a noncontact manner. This review will focus on the how the application of ARF both in time and space enables different biomedical applications. This review will also detail some of the commercial implementations that use ARF.