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The Potential Impact on Human Health from Free-Living Amoebaein the Indoor Environment
Published in Harriet A. Burge, Bioaerosols, 2020
Severe eye infections (i.e., keratitis) may also occur when Acanthamoebae are introduced into traumatized eyes. Several species of Acanthamoeba have been implicated in such eye infections, including A. castellani and A. polyphaga (Pearl et al., 1981; Visvesvara et al., 1975). The relative ineffectiveness of antibiotic therapy in Acanthamoeba keratitis coupled with the organism’s ability to encyst in soft tissues may result in a continuing viable presence, which may necessitate surgical removal of the infected tissues. Acanthamoebae are ubiquitous in soil and water, which increases the chances of their introduction into eye and other tissues from injuries and trauma occurring during outdoor activities.
Contamination of fresh vegetables in municipal stores with pathogenic Acanthamoeba genotypes; a public health concern
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Marziye Fatemi, Maryam Niyyati, Soheila Rouhani, Seyed Ahmad Karamati, Hamed Mirjalali, Panagiotis Karanis
Acanthamoeba spp. are among the more prevalent protozoa found in the environment worldwide and have been isolated from soil, air, sewage, seawater, chlorinated swimming pools, domestic tap water, bottled water, air conditioning units, contact lens case, and hospitals, and are the causative agent for serious infections such as Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE), lung and skin infections, and disseminated acanthamoebiasis (Marciano-Cabral and Cabral 2003; Lorenzo-Morales et al. 2007; Pens et al. 2008; Pazoki et al. 2020a; Wopereis et al. 2020; Reyes-Batlle et al. 2021). Similar to other countries (Spanakos et al. 2006; Scheid et al. 2008; Orosz et al. 2019; Sazzad et al. 2020; Anjum et al. 2021; Gharpure et al. 2021), cases of FLAs-related diseases have been reported in Iran, which include AK (Maghsood et al. 2005; Hajialilo et al. 2016), primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) (one case report) (Movahedi et al. 2012), and most recently a case of Balamuthia amoebic encephalitis (BAE) in a three-year-old child (Safavi et al. 2021).