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Functional Anatomy and Biomechanics
Published in Emeric Arus, Biomechanics of Human Motion, 2017
Musculus abductor hallucis is the most medial and superficial layer of the sole of the foot. It is the most powerful muscle from the plantar region. Under this muscle lies the plantar fascia. Insertion: The origin is on the tuberosity of the calcaneus bone. Also an additional origin is on the plantar aponeurosis and on the flexor retinaculum. It distally inserts on the medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe. Action: Its action is to assure a static position of the body. It is also the abductor and flexor of the toe. Innervation is assured by the medial plantar nerve (L4, L5, S1).
Changes in hallux angle as a result of different heel heights measured by a 3-D foot scanner
Published in Footwear Science, 2021
Kan Hasuno, Kaoru Abe, Masaru Kanda, Ai Shoji
Earlier reports indicated that increasing heel height will displace the centre of pressure in the forefoot medially (McBride et al., 1991; Schwartz et al., 1964). Changes in heel height increase the strain on the forefoot medially, and the soft tissue of the sole of the distal phalanx of the hallux is deformed and spreads medially. This deformation should thus act to abduct the hallux. The abductor hallucis is the only muscle that abducts the hallux, but varying heel height causes this muscle to adduct the hallux. This suggests that the abducting action of the compressive deformation of the soft tissues of the hallux and the adducting action of the abductor hallucis may be equivalent. We intend to carry out further studies to investigate the centre of pressure in the forefoot while wearing heels to evaluate the forces acting on the hallux and changes in its angle, so that shoes can be shaped to accommodate these forces and angles can be reflected in the shapes.
The long-term effect of flexible shoes on children’s foot strength and functional performance
Published in Footwear Science, 2021
Shayan Quinlan, Adrienne E. Hunt, Peter Sinclair, Alycia Fong Yan
Primary outcome measures were cross-sectional areas (CSA) of Abductor Hallucis (AH) and Flexor Digitorum Brevis (FDB) muscles, and toe flexor strength (TFS) of hallux and lesser toes separately. Single leg balance (SLB), Y-balance test (YBT) and standing long jump (SLJ) were secondary outcome measures.