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Thermography by Specialty
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Carpal tunnel syndrome, a common form of peripheral nerve entrapment, is caused by compression of the median nerve as it traverses under the flexor retinaculum at the wrist, accompanied by the flexor tendons of the fingers and thumb. Irritation of the flexor tendons or their synovial sheaths can result in swelling that narrows the carpal tunnel, placing pressure on the nerve. Bony deformities at the wrist due to injury or arthritis can also compress the median nerve. The neural distribution of the median nerve includes the volar thumb, index, and middle fingers, and the radial half of the ring finger (see Figure 11.48). Classically, CTS patients experience numbness, weakness, tingling, burning, and pain affecting at least two of the digits supplied by the median nerve.89
Work-Related III Health
Published in Céline McKeown, Office Ergonomics, 2007
The carpal tunnel is formed by eight small carpal bones in the wrist and the flexor retinaculum (also referred to as the carpal ligament). The finger flexor tendons travel from the forearm and pass under the carpal ligament and through this tunnel inside their synovial sheaths alongside the median nerve before inserting into the fingers (see Figure 11.5). The median nerve provides sensation to the thumb, middle finger, index finger, part of the ring finger and a major proportion of the palm.
Work-Related Ill Health
Published in Céline McKeown, Office Ergonomics and Human Factors, 2018
The carpal tunnel is formed by eight small carpal bones in the wrist and the flexor retinaculum (also referred to as the carpal ligament). The finger flexor tendons travel from the forearm and pass under the carpal ligament and through this tunnel inside their synovial sheaths alongside the median nerve before inserting into the fingers (see Figure 11.5). The median nerve provides sensation to the thumb, middle finger, index finger, part of the ring finger, and a major proportion of the palm.
Inter- and intra-rater reliability of carpal tunnel volume measurement
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2022
Drew A. Anderson, Mackenzie J. Miller, Anne M. Agur, Michele L. Oliver, Karen D. Gordon
Early carpal tunnel volume measurements were performed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) datasets, with proximal and distal tunnel boundaries defined using manually selected two-dimensional image slices (Richman et al. 1987; Pierre-Jerome et al. 1997; Bower et al. 2006; Cho et al. 2008). This method of boundary definition cannot account for differences between the imaging axis and the orientation of the tunnel, which can have a significant impact on CTV particularly in non-neutral postures (Mogk and Keir 2007). Further work demonstrated reduced variability of CTV measurements by defining three-dimensional tunnel boundaries based on anatomical landmarks (Mogk and Keir 2009). The anatomical landmarks of the carpal tunnel are traditionally defined by the attachment points of the transverse carpal ligament (TCL) which is the central portion of the flexor retinaculum (FR) forming the palmar roof of the tunnel (Cobb et al. 1993; Yoshioka et al. 1993; Sora and Genser-Strobl 2005). The TCL attaches ulnarly to the pisiform and hook of hamate, and radially to the scaphoid tuberosity and the ridge of the trapezium (Cobb et al. 1993). The areas of these insertion sites have been reported as 29 mm2 (scaphoid), 38 mm2 (pisiform), 42 mm2 (trapezium), and 40 mm2 (hamate) (Manley et al. 2013). However, defining tunnel boundaries using these landmarks requires selecting a single point within each insertion site. It is unknown how the variability of selecting points within the insertion areas affects the variability of CTV measurements.