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Designing for Hand and Wrist Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
Six carpal bones—the pisiform, triquetrum, hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium (with its hook-like tubercle)—make up the carpal arch. The arch is shaped into a tunnel with a thick connective tissue ligament, the flexor retinaculum, bridging the space between the medial and lateral sides of the base of the arch (Drake, Vogl, & Mitchell, 2015, p. 798). The tunnel provides a protective, yet flexible, pathway for nerves and blood vessels connecting the hand to the body (Read about carpal tunnel syndrome in Section 7.4.1).
Exploring Median Nerve Biomechanics within the Wrist Using Ultrasonography
Published in Philip D. Bust, Contemporary Ergonomics 2007, 2018
Alyson Langley, Donal McNaliy, Christine M. Haslegrave
Cross sectional scans of the wrist were taken as described by Buchberger (1991), at the level of the pisiform (at the middle of the carpal tunnel). The cross sectional transverse and anteroposterior diameters of the median nerve were measured and the circumference and area calculated using the ultrasound machine's own DIASUS software. In addition a flattening ratio was obtained by dividing the nerve's transverse measurement (major axis) by its anteroposterior measurement (minor axis).
Musculoskeletal system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
In the carpal tunnel, the scaphoid and pisiform should be seen at each edge of the transducer (Fig. 3.5a). The median nerve runs superficial to and parallel with the flexor tendons, and medial to the flexor pollicis longus tendon. Deep to the flexor retinaculum, it is identified by its hypoechoic nerve fascicles, showing a round or oval shape.
Effects of various handle shapes and surface profiles on the hand-arm responses and comfort during short-term exposure to handle vibration
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2022
Josefa Angelie Revilla, Ilham Priadythama, Ping Yeap Loh, Satoshi Muraki
A surface EMG was placed on the superficial layer of each of the four forearm muscles (ECR, finger flexor [FF], flexor carpi ulnaris [FCU], and flexor carpi radialis [FCR]). The study followed the EMG placement procedure provided by Basmajian and Blumenstein (1980). The surface electrode on the ECR was placed along the 1/3 point of an extended line from the lateral end of the elbow crease to the middle of the wrist, with a pronated forearm. The surface electrode on the FF was attached on the 1/2 point of an extended line from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the styloid process of the ulna, with a supinated forearm. For the FCU, the electrode was placed around the proximal 1/3 point of an extended line from the posterior parts of the medial epicondyle to the styloid process of the ulna. For the FCR, the electrode was located on the 1/2 point of an extended line from the lateral aspect of the bicep tendon at the elbow crease to the pisiform bone. Finally, a ground electrode was placed on the styloid process of the ulna.
Growth and maturity status of young male table tennis players
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2022
Manuel J. Coelho-e-Silva, Jan M. Konarski, Magdalena Krzykała, Szymon Galas, Pluta Beata, Piotr Żurek, Jorge Faria, Oscar M. Tavares, Tomas G. Oliveira, Inês Rodrigues, Diogo V. Martinho, João Valente-Dos-Santos, Robert M. Malina
Skeletal age (SA) estimated from the hand-wrist radiograph using the Fels method (Roche et al., 1988). The protocol considers specific indicators for the 22 bones of hand-wrist: the radius, ulna, capitate, hamate, triquetral, pisiform, lunate, scaphoid, trapezium, trapezoid, adductor sesamoid, metacarpals I, III and V, proximal phalanges I, III and V, medial phalanges III and V, and distal phalanges I, III and V. Maturity indicators for each bone include the presence or absence of the centre of ossification in the radiograph, changes in shape of the carpals, ratios of epiphyseal and diaphyseal widths of the long bones, and capping and fusion of the long bones. Assigned grades and width measurements were entered into the Felshw 1.0 software (Felshw 1.0, Software Lifespan Health and Research Centre, Departments of Community Health and Paediatrics, Booshoft School Medicine, Wright State University Dayton, Ohio, USA) to derive a SA and its standard error for each player. A single trained observer assessed all radiographs (first author). The maturity status of each individual was subsequently classified as follows (Malina, 2011): late (SA younger than CA by more than 1.0 year); average or on time (the difference between SA and CA was within the band of −1.0 years to +1.0 years); early (SA older than CA by more than 1.0 years); or mature (no SA is assigned).
Overuse wrist injuries in adolescent platform and springboard divers
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2023
Cici Zhang, Si Shen, Lin Qiu, Liqin Wang, Xuwen Zeng, Quan Zhou
Bursae around the wrist (Figure 5) were observed in 9 symptomatic wrists (9/42, 21.42%) and 6 asymptomatic wrists (6/34, 17.64%), and no significant difference was found between the symptomatic and asymptomatic wrist groups (χ2= 0.170, P = 0.680). Wrist cysts were most commonly presented as well-defined, multi-lobular cysts measuring from 7 to 40 mm. Common sites for wrist cysts included the dorsal wrist superficial to the pisiform and the volar wrist between the radial artery and the flexor carpi radialis tendon.