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Injury Scoring Systems and Injury Classification
Published in Melanie Franklyn, Peter Vee Sin Lee, Military Injury Biomechanics, 2017
Melanie Franklyn, Christine Read-Allsopp
The Penetrating Abdominal Trauma Index (PATI) was initially developed in 1979 (Biffl and Moore 2001) by Moore and colleagues (Moore et al. 1981) in order to quantify patients who might be at risk from postoperative complications after sustaining a penetrating injury to the abdomen. It was needed as other injury severity scales available at the time for assessing patients with multiple trauma, such as the ISS, were not specifically designed for either penetrating injuries or for abdominal injuries, and also focused on mortality rather than postoperative morbidity.
Gastrointestinal system
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
Contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis as performed for abdominal trauma has a poor sensitivity for the detection of bladder injuries. The accuracy of CT for the diagnosis and categorization of bladder injuries may be enhanced with a CT cystogram, i.e. CT following direct injection of contrast material into the bladder via a catheter. If the urethra is normal on urethrogram, a catheter can be passed into the bladder and a cystogram performed.
Types and site distributions of intestinal injuries in seat belt syndrome
Published in Traffic Injury Prevention, 2020
Yuta Yamamoto, Yusuke Miyagawa, Masato Kitazawa, Shugo Takahata, Seigo Aoyagi, Nao Hondo, Makoto Koyama, Satoshi Nakamura, Shigeo Tokumaru, Futoshi Muranaka, Yuji Soejima
“Seat belt syndrome” was first described by Garrett and Braunstein (1962) and is defined as a group of hollow viscus and lumbar spine injuries that are associated with the use of seat belt restraints. In Canada, while a mandatory seat belt law has reduced the occurrence of fatal injuries, such as critical head and facial injuries and severe blunt abdominal trauma (BAT), the occurrence of intestinal injuries due to seat belt syndrome has increased (Denis et al. 1983). In Japan, the Road Traffic Law was passed in 1971 and requires drivers and passengers to wear seatbelts; additionally, in 1975, it was stipulated that driver and passenger seats must be equipped with a three-point belt system. Furthermore, a law in 2008 now mandates passengers in the rear seats to wear seat belts, and a law in 2012 requires rear seats to be equipped with a three-point belt.
Injury patterns in motor vehicle collision-pediatric pedestrian deaths
Published in Traffic Injury Prevention, 2022
Moheem M. Halari, Tanya Charyk Stewart, Kevin J. McClafferty, Allison C. Pellar, Michael J. Pickup, Michael J. Shkrum
For all the MVPC deaths, the following frequencies of overall injuries (AIS 1–AIS 6) and the most frequent injury based on AIS ≥ 3 for each body region were observed (Table A3):Craniocerebral injury: 24 (96%) deaths involved craniocerebral trauma with 10 (41.7%) AIS 6 maximal injuries. Most were brainstem lacerations (n = 8), and 7 (29.2%) AIS 5 critical injuries included brainstem contusions (n = 3).Neck injury: 16 (64%) fatalities with 9 (56.3%) upper cervical spine traumas [i.e., atlanto-occipital dislocations (n = 7), atlanto-occipital with atlanto-axial dislocation (n = 1), and atlanto-axial dislocation (n = 1)] as the most severe neck injury representing an AIS 3 serious injury.Thorax injury: 23 (92%) pediatric fatalities had a chest injury with 13 (56.5%) AIS 3 serious injuries, nearly all consisting of pulmonary trauma.Abdomen/retroperitoneum injury: 20 (80%) of pedestrians sustained abdominal trauma with 5 (25%) AIS 4 severe injuries of the liver, spleen, or kidney.Pelvic injury: 17 (68%) of victims had a pelvic trauma with 2 (11.8%) AIS 4 severe pelvic fractures.Lower extremity injury: 24 (96%) pedestrians sustained an injury to their lower extremity with 2 (8.3%) AIS 3, or serious, femur fractures.