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Inhibitory effect of particulate matter on toll-like receptor 9 stimulated dendritic cells by downregulating mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κB pathway
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2020
Madeeha Arooj, Irshad Ali, Hee Kyoung Kang, Jin Won Hyun, Young-Sang Koh
MAPKs activation upregulates AP-1 transcription factor, which leads to induction of AP-1 dependent genes including cytokines (Akira and Takeda 2004; Blasius and Beutler 2010; Huang and Yang 2010). To investigate, the influence of PM2.5 on AP-1 transcriptional activity, luciferase assay was performed on HEK293 T cells transfected with empty pcDNA3 or pcDNA3-mTLR9. HEK293 T cells transfected with empty pcDNA3 showed no induction of AP-1 dependent luciferase activity upon CpG-DNA stimulation. However, pcDNA3-mTLR9 exhibited a rise in AP-1 dependent luciferase activity. In contrast, PM2.5 treatment induced marked concentration-dependent inhibition on AP-1 dependent luciferase activity in HEK293 T cells transfected with pcDNA3-mTLR9 (Figure 5a).