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Vehicle Classification, Structure and Layouts
Published in G. K. Awari, V. S. Kumbhar, R. B. Tirpude, Automotive Systems, 2021
G. K. Awari, V. S. Kumbhar, R. B. Tirpude
The chassis frame is the main part of the vehicle; it holds the important parts of the chassis. It is made up of two long side members riveted together with the help of a number of cross members. It is also called an under body. The frame must have enough rigidity and strength to withstand road shocks, acceleration, braking thrust, driving torque and different types of stresses and vibrations. The vehicle frame must be sufficiently strong and light to withstand load without distortion. The chassis design includes a selection of suitable shapes and cross sections for its frame. A chassis frame can bear different types of loads.
Vehicle Data Sources for the Accident Reconstructionist
Published in Donald E. Struble, John D. Struble, Automotive Accident Reconstruction, 2020
Donald E. Struble, John D. Struble
Ladder Frame: A vehicle frame that has the general appearance of a ladder. There are two longitudinal members, necessarily inside of the wheel wells, that run the length of the vehicle, with cross-members running laterally between them. This architecture, found mostly in trucks, tends to result in vehicles with higher ground clearances.
Performance of leaf spring suspended axles in model approaches of different complexities
Published in Vehicle System Dynamics, 2022
Georg Rill, Florian Bauer, Edin Topcagic
To compare the sophisticated SIMBEAM finite element leaf spring model with the five-link multibody model, a virtual test rig was established. It consists of the leaf spring suspended front axle of a heavy commercial vehicle where the vehicle frame is connected to the inertial system, Figure 1. Bushings at the front and rear ends connect the leaf springs to the frame and to the lower end of a swing shackle mounted to the frame on its upper end. U-bolts clamp each leaf spring rigidly to the axle body. A central buffer and an S-buffer limit the suspension travel and the S-shape bending mode of the leaf spring. Separate damper elements and the anti-roll bar supplement the axle suspension. The steering box transforms the rotations of the steering wheel to the rotation of the pitman arm and via the drag link and the track rod to the rotations of the knuckles about the kingpins.
Lightweight design of bus frames from multi-material topology optimization to cross-sectional size optimization
Published in Engineering Optimization, 2019
Shanbin Lu, Honggang Ma, Li Xin, Wenjie Zuo
Even so, some progress has been made for the structural optimization of frame structures, such as size optimization (Lan, Chen, and Lin 2004; Gauchia et al.2010) and topology optimization (Takezawa et al.2005, 2007). The explicit geometry-based approach has been strengthened into various problems of applying topology optimization in practical engineering (Zhang et al.2017a, 2017b). Takezawa et al. (2005) investigated the minimal compliance topology optimization problem of a vehicle frame using beam elements, where the cross-sectional properties were treated as design variables. The simultaneous size, shape and topology optimization of modular car space frame structures has also been studied (Torstenfelt and Klarbring 2006, 2007), but only the compliance response was considered.
Failure mode and effects analysis of dual levelling valve airspring suspensions on truck dynamics
Published in Vehicle System Dynamics, 2019
Yang Chen, Yunbo Hou, Andrew Peterson, Mehdi Ahmadian
The levelling valve is typically mounted to the vehicle frame and provides a lever arm attached to the axle via the control rod, as shown in Figure 7(a). If the truck body sinks due to added loads, the lever arm rotates up allowing the pressurised air in the air tank to enter the airsprings through the levelling valve (air charging) until the truck body returns to its specified height. Conversely, if the truck body moves up due to a removal of the loads, the lever arm rotates in an opposite direction and dumps the pressurised air from the airsprings into atmosphere across the levelling valve (air discharging), as shown in Figure 7(a). In addition, there exists a dead band around the neutral position of the lever arm, where no air flows for avoiding the valve chattering.