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Springs
Published in Ansel C. Ugural, Youngjin Chung, Errol A. Ugural, Mechanical Engineering Design, 2020
Ansel C. Ugural, Youngjin Chung, Errol A. Ugural
A torsion bar is a straight hollow or solid bar fixed at one end and twisted at the other, where it is supported. This is the simplest of all spring forms, as shown by the portion AB in Figure 14.2(a). Typical applications include counterbalancing for automobile hoods and trunk lids. A torsion bar with splined ends (Figure 14.2(b)) is used for a vehicle suspension spring or sway bar. Usually, one end fits into a socket on the chassis, and the other into the pivoted end of an arm. The arm is part of a linkage, permitting the wheel to rise and fall in approximately parallel motion. Note that in a passenger car, the bar may be about ¾ m length, 25 mm diameter, and twist 30°–45°.
Mechanical Springs
Published in Ansel C. Ugural, Youngjin Chung, Errol A. Ugural, MECHANICAL DESIGN of Machine Components, 2018
Ansel C. Ugural, Youngjin Chung, Errol A. Ugural
A torsion bar is a straight hollow or solid bar fixed at one end and twisted at the other, where it is supported. This is the simplest of all spring forms, as shown by the portion AB in Figure 14.2a. Typical applications include counterbalancing for automobile hoods and trunk lids. A torsion bar with splined ends (Figure 14.2b) is used for a vehicle suspension spring or sway bar. Usually, one end fits into a socket on the chassis, and the other into the pivoted end of an arm. The arm is part of a linkage, permitting the wheel to rise and fall in approximately parallel motion. Note that in a passenger car, the bar may have about ¾ m length, 25 mm diameter, and twist 30°–45°.
Springs
Published in Ansel C. Ugural, Mechanical Engineering Design, 2022
A torsion bar is a straight hollow or solid bar fixed at one end and twisted at the other, where it is supported. This is the simplest of all spring forms, as shown by the portion AB in Figure 14.2(a). Typical applications include counterbalancing for automobile hoods and trunk lids. A torsion bar with splined ends (Figure 14.2(b)) is used for a vehicle suspension spring or sway bar. Usually, one end fits into a socket on the chassis, and the other into the pivoted end of an arm. The arm is part of a linkage, permitting the wheel to rise and fall in approximately parallel motion. Note that in a passenger car, the bar may be about ¾ m length, 25 mm diameter, and twist 30°–45°.
An approach to develop haptic feedback control reference for steering systems using open-loop driving manoeuvres
Published in Vehicle System Dynamics, 2020
T. Chugh, F. Bruzelius, M. Klomp, B. Shyrokau
The implementation of the impedance and admittance control reference generator has been shown here using the estimated parameters as mentioned in Tables 2 and 3. In impedance control, the torque reference is used by the feedback controller to minimise the torque error and vice versa in admittance control for angular position. The feedback controllers ensured stability and performance as derived in [9,13,15]. For EPAS, the results have been generated using a validated vehicle model, including steering and motor models (with a motor current control). Refer Figure 9, for torsion bar torque to (a) pinion angle and (b) angular velocity FRF at 75 km/h. The linearised reference in this figure is derived in Section 3.4.3 and shown earlier in Figure 7. The results signify an appropriate execution of the reference generator (excluding non-linear basic assistance and friction model) with a sufficient feedback controller performance.
Influence of thermal history on the intermediate and low-temperature reversible aging properties of asphalt binders
Published in Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2020
Haibo Ding, Yanjun Qiu, Ali Rahman
The effect of machine compliance (MC) on complex modulus of hard asphalt is an unavoidable issue, especially when test is performed at low temperature. In the literature, there are two approaches put forward to evaluate the low-temperature properties. One is decreasing diameter of parallel plate to decrease torque, and the other is increasing aspect ratio to increase sample compliance (Figure 6). Both of the two methods are aimed to fit the sample properties to the instrument sensitivity or compliance. Compared with 4 mm parallel plate, torsion bar geometry can evaluate asphalt binder's vertical deformation characteristics changing with temperature. In addition, it is more affordable for most laboratories. Therefore, torsion bar geometry was chosen in this study.
Pantograph–catenary interaction: recent achievements and future research challenges
Published in International Journal of Rail Transportation, 2018
Stefano Bruni, Giuseppe Bucca, Marco Carnevale, Andrea Collina, Alan Facchinetti
The second configuration, with the control action in parallel to the head suspension, is more effective for the control of the medium frequency range (up to 20 Hz) but imposes limitations to the size and mass of the actuators that are placed in correspondence of the collector head suspension, thus increasing the overall mass of the pantograph. The possible implementations strongly depend on the solution adopted for the head suspension. The possibility to adopt a hydraulic actuator in parallel to the head suspension is reported in Ref. [6]. The adoption of a linear electric motor in parallel to the linear springs of the head suspension is considered in Ref. [118], while a torque motor is proposed in Ref. [120] on account of the different configuration of the head suspension. In Refs. [110,114], the head suspension consists of two torsion bar springs and the active control is introduced using two pneumatic actuators placed beside the two torsion bar springs.