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Tribology in the Automotive Sector
Published in Jitendra Kumar Katiyar, Alessandro Ruggiero, T.V.V.L.N. Rao, J. Paulo Davim, Industrial Tribology, 2023
Sudheer Reddy Beyanagari, P. Kumaravelu, Dhiraj Kumar Reddy Gongati, Yashwanth Maddini, S. Arulvel, Jayakrishna Kandasamy
Suspension is the mechanism that links a vehicle to its wheels and permits relative motion. There are a number of components in a vehicle’s suspension system, including springs, linkages, dampers, and shock absorbers, as well as wheels and tyres. Such components are subjected to undergo shocks due to self-weight, and passenger loads while running at various speeds, followed by the variation in torque while transferring thrust or twist to the wheels during the travel on even surfaces. Therefore, laminated leaf springs or coil-type springs are used to join the frame over the axle and the front axle. In addition to friction, the frame, axles and suspension systems are exposed to wear and tear during function, causing severe tribological difficulties due to high dampening forces, tensile and shock loads. Accordingly, leaf springs and coil springs with shock absorbers are undergoing compression during the heavy loads/thrust force and release to restore its original position after the release of surfaces. Hence, flexible materials such as stainless steel and spring steels are used to manufacture springs. In addition, springs need to be lubricated since they oscillate and then return to their previous position, causing friction and wear [12, 21, 33]. Therefore, suitable and appropriate lubricants are necessary for applications.
Chassis systems
Published in Tom Denton, Advanced Automotive Fault Diagnosis, 2020
A vehicle needs a suspension system to cushion and damp out road shocks so providing comfort to the passengers and preventing damage to the load and vehicle components. A spring between the wheel and the vehicle body allows the wheel to follow the road surface. The tyre plays an important role in absorbing small road shocks. It is often described as the primary form of suspension. The vehicle body is supported by springs located between the body and the wheel axles. Together with the damper, these components are referred to as the suspension system.
Chassis Systems
Published in Dorin O. Neacşu, Automotive Power Systems, 2020
Suspension is the system of tires, tire air, springs, shock absorbers, or struts that connects a motor vehicle to its wheels and allows a relative motion in between. Suspension systems must support ride quality, which comes in contradiction with road handling.
Adaptive fuzzy fault-tolerant control for active seat suspension systems with full-state constraints
Published in Systems Science & Control Engineering, 2023
With the increasing demand for automobiles in society, comprehensive performance improvement has become one of the hot issues in current automotive research. The suspension systems, as a necessary part of the car-chassis, which can effectively improve the overall safety and stability of the vehicle. Therefore, it is really important to promote the quality of the suspension system. There are some considerable works that have been published (see Hrovata, 1997; Lin & Lian, 2011). According to different control methods, vehicle suspension systems can be divided into three types: passive suspension (Tamboli & Joshi, 1999), semi-active suspension (Morato et al., 2019; Pang et al., 2018) and active suspension (Li et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2021). Although the passive suspension system and the semi-active suspension system are simple and cannot require external energy input, the vibration performance of the shock absorbers is poor, it is difficult to adapt to the complex random road surfaces. Subsequently, scholars proposed the concept of an active suspension system (Cao et al., 2008; Hu et al., 2016). The active suspension system can collect vehicle information from relevant sensors and respond autonomously to random roads through its energy, which can reduce vibration and improve vehicle safety and stability (Li et al., 2018; Li et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2021). Therefore, compared with the passive suspension system and the semi-active suspension system, the control effect of the active suspension system is optimal.
A novel robust finite time control approach for a nonlinear disturbed quarter-vehicle suspension system with time delay actuation
Published in Automatika, 2022
Boyu Gu, Jia Cong, Jie Zhao, Hao Chen, Mehrdad Fatemi Golshan
There are three main categories of suspension systems: passive suspension, semi-active suspension and active suspension [4–6]. Since the active suspension system has the best efficiency to improve the performance of the suspension system, many studies have been done in this field [7–9]. To reconcile the conflicting functions of the suspension, active suspension control approaches are adopted based on various control techniques, such as the H∞ method [10,11], the Lyapunov–Krasovkii scheme [12,13] and the linear matrix inequality approach (LMI) [14]. Optimal controllers have also been developed to minimize the cost function for the suspension system which usually meet several purposes; wiener-filter-based controllers [15], linear quadratic controllers [16] and model predictive approaches [17] can be mentioned among them.
A signal analysis based hunting instability detection methodology for high-speed railway vehicles
Published in Vehicle System Dynamics, 2021
Jianfeng Sun, Enrico Meli, Wubin Cai, Hongxin Gao, Maoru Chi, Andrea Rindi, Shulin Liang
More particularly, faults in suspensions usually cause an imbalance in vehicle dynamic systems, resulting in dynamic interferences between different vibrations, which provides a key indication to distinguish between normal and abnormal states of suspensions. Similarly, once the vehicle hunting instability occurs, the vibration characteristics of the vehicle system in different directions and the vibration transmission among different components change significantly. On the basis of this characteristics change, this work attempts to diagnose the hunting instability for high-speed vehicles from the perspective of cross-correlation analysis between different acceleration signals coming from bogie and carbody. The goal of the proposed detection method is to identify both the LAHI and the SAHI effectively. In this way, if the cross-correlation analysis shows hunting instability, the driver can take effective measures such as lowering the speed timely to prevent the train from reaching LAHI.