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Getting Power to the Pavement
Published in Patrick Hossay, Automotive Innovation, 2019
The new range of possibilities was evident when Ford and GM introduced the result of their joint effort to produce an advanced 10-speed automatic in 2017. Using sophisticated programing they are able to achieve a high-performance transmission for trucks and sports cars. The mechanics was kept relatively simple, using as much existing componentry as possible, the new gearbox links four simple gearsets and six clutches. The real innovation is in enabling each automaker to develop specific control software for their applications. Ford can therefore define a transmission that prioritizes towing capacity and fuel economy in its F-150. Closely set overdrive gearing helps improve towing performance, allowing imperceptible shifting to accommodate higher overdrive torque needs. At the same time, GM can use the same mechanics to define a sports transmission for its Camaro. Low-friction components, a bypass that allows for a faster rise to operating temperature, a capacity to shift without requiring the torque converter to unlock, and the use of high-performance, low-viscosity automatic transmission fluid (ATF) make this one of the most efficient transmission ever designed. All in a package that is only an inch longer and 4 pounds heavier than the six speed it replaced.9
Automotive Transmissions and Drive Trains
Published in Don M. Pirro, Martin Webster, Ekkehard Daschner, Lubrication Fundamentals, 2017
Don M. Pirro, Martin Webster, Ekkehard Daschner
An overdrive is an arrangement that drives the transmission output shaft at a higher speed than the input shaft. At cruising speeds, this reduces engine rpm and improves fuel economy. Two general approaches are used.
A low-power, low-offset, and power-scalable comparator suitable for low-frequency applications
Published in International Journal of Electronics, 2023
Riyanka Banerjee, M. Santosh, Jai Gopal Pandey
Previously, CMOS amplifiers have been used as static comparators. All transistors and switches are on at the same time, resulting in high power consumption and limited speed (since they do not have positive feedback) Razavi (2020). When designing a comparator, some key elements such as response time, power consumption, sensitivity, input-referred offset voltage, voltage gain, kickback noise, linearity, overdrive-recovery, speed, supply voltage and common-mode voltage level, power consumption, etc. are very important aspects that will further decide the speed, power, signal-to-noise ratio, and the bit error rate of the system; the details are also discussed by Hassanpourghadi et al. (2014) and Zhang et al. (2020). These characteristics of the comparator are mainly based on the ADC architecture. With the advancement of mobile devices, there is a growing need for low-power, high-resolution ADCs to process audio signals in the Internet of Things (IoT) as per Yoon and Choi (2018).
A 17.5dB wide-dynamic range high-efficiency RF-to-DC power converter for wireless energy harvesting
Published in International Journal of Electronics Letters, 2022
where is the RF signal, is process dependent, is the output DC voltage, is the low-threshold voltage, and are channel width and length, respectively. The feedback diodes (D1-D4) are connected in reverse biased to the RF input signal and forward biased to the output DC voltage. At medium RF power levels, the feedback diodes are turned on when the voltage drop across the diodes is larger than the threshold voltage as shown in Figure 4b. The self-biased mechanism is applied, and the DC output voltage (VDD) passes to the gates of the rectifying transistors (M2, M4). It controls the conduction of the rectifying transistors by lowering the overdrive voltage and limits the reverse-leakage power. The conductance of the rectifying transistors is given by:
DTMOS Based Low Power Adaptively Biased Fully Differential Transconductance Amplifier with Enhanced Slew-Rate and its Filter Application
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2023
Mihika Mahendra, Shweta Kumari, Maneesha Gupta
As the conventional MOS transistors has low transconductance and high parasitic effects, hence are less capable for designing low-voltage and high-performance analog circuits. On the other hand, for the low power design, scaling in power supply voltage is mainly required, but this in turn reduces the gate overdrive which results in degradation of circuit speed. Therefore, dynamic threshold MOS technique exploits here is one of the most promising methods for low-voltage designs [16,17]. Since it provides an exceptionally high transconductance, reduced parasitic capacitance, and very high current driving capability under very low supply voltages below ±0.6 V, because the body of a DTMOSFET is tied to the gate as depicted in Figure 4(a,b), respectively.