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Electrical systems
Published in Tom Denton, Automobile Mechanical and Electrical Systems, 2018
Cruise control is the ideal example of a closed loop control system. The purpose of cruise control is to allow the driver to set the vehicle speed and let the system maintain it automatically. The system reacts to the measured speed of the vehicle and adjusts the throttle accordingly. The reaction time is important so that the vehicle’s speed does not feel to be surging up and down. Other facilities are included such as allowing the speed to be gradually increased or decreased at the touch of a button (Fig. 3.112). Most systems also remember the last set speed. They will resume this speed at the touch of a button. The main switch switches on the cruise control and this, in turn, is ignition controlled. Most systems do not retain the speed setting in memory when the main switch has been turned off. Operating the ‘set’ switch programs the memory, but this normally will only work if conditions similar to the following are met: Vehicle speed is greater than 40 km/h.Vehicle speed is less than 120 km/h.Change of speed is less than 8 km/h/s.Automatics must be in ‘drive’.Brakes or clutch are not being operated.Engine speed is stable.
Electrical systems
Published in Tom Denton, Advanced Automotive Fault Diagnosis, 2020
Cruise control is the ideal example of a closed loop control system as shown in Figure 8.85. The purpose of cruise control is to allow the driver to set the vehicle speed and let the system maintain it automatically. The system reacts to the measured speed of the vehicle and adjusts the throttle accordingly. The reaction time is important so that the vehicle's speed does not feel as if it is surging up and down.
Application of Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors
Published in Timothy Bower, ®, 2023
Automatically controlled systems are part of our everyday experience. Electric thermostats control temperatures in indoor spaces, ovens, and freezers. A cruise control system helps maintain a constant speed when we drive on the highway. Industrial robotic and automation systems control both simple and complex systems in manufacturing plants. The list of control system applications is undoubtedly quite long.
Connected and automated road vehicles: state of the art and future challenges
Published in Vehicle System Dynamics, 2020
Tulga Ersal, Ilya Kolmanovsky, Neda Masoud, Necmiye Ozay, Jeffrey Scruggs, Ram Vasudevan, Gábor Orosz
Cruise control was introduced to the market in the 1950s by fitting vehicles with flyball governors, which were eventually replaced by electronic control units that measure the wheel based velocity of the vehicle and control the throttle and brake torque. The primary purpose of cruise control algorithms is to maintain vehicle speed despite variations in road grade, head wind, vehicle mass, or powertrain behaviour. By assuming that the desired wheel torque can be obtained through powertrain and brakes and the tire friction is not a limiting factor in the generation of traction force, one can use the nonlinear differential equation (1) to describe the longitudinal vehicle dynamics. Linearising this equation about a nominal speed yields the model (3) and one can apply a variety of classical linear control techniques to track a reference speed specified by a driver. To account for variations of parameters like mass, unmodelled powertrain dynamics and unknown disturbances due to the grade and headwind, estimation algorithms often run in concert with the cruise control system to identify relevant parameters. For instance, recursive least squares parameter estimation or adaptive control algorithms have been applied in cruise control systems [14–16].
Design and Implementation of an Optimized PID Controller for the Adaptive Cruise Control System
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2021
Snigdha Chaturvedi, Narendra Kumar
Cruise control is nowadays an added feature in most automobiles. It reduces fatigue while driving on highways and low traffic areas. It also helps in reducing the probability of collision between vehicles, improves fuel optimization and reduces traffic congestion [1,2]. Basically, in a cruise control system, vehicle velocity is adjusted to a reference speed chosen by the driver. This type of system enhances the safety of the passengers even if the driver is not fully alert. Many researchers in the past have done a lot of research work in designing controllers for cruise control systems based on fuzzy logic, PID Control and model predictive systems.