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Hybrid Energy Systems for Vehicle Industry
Published in Yatish T. Shah, Hybrid Energy Systems, 2021
Full electric aircraft promises significant benefits for local air quality, as the pollutants emitted on the fuel combustion process are avoided. Hybrid-electric aircraft may similarly help improve local air quality impacts of aviation due to its lower fuel burn. However, while looking at air pollution impacts from all types of aircraft including electric ones, brake abrasion, in addition to tire abrasion and road surface erosion, still needs to be considered as these factors are a source of PM emissions. In addition, similarly to the CO2 emissions, the source of the electricity should be considered when assessing the local air quality impacts of electrification, since different processes of electricity production may still be associated with air pollution. Other factors also need to be considered when looking at overall trends. While becoming more fuel efficient, aircraft tend to increase in size and weight, carrying more passengers and more fuel. This increase in carried fuel could offset the fuel reduction achieved through energy efficiency improvements due to hybrid systems. Therefore, it is clear that hybrid-electric aircraft help reduce air pollutant emissions when looking at the per-passenger figures, but not necessarily when looking at total figures. Moreover, most hybrid-electric aircraft are equipped with batteries for electricity storage and supply. Due to battery energy density and the required power supply, these batteries are currently very heavy, thus can substantially increase the weight of aircraft [80].
Environmental challenges and the aerospace industry
Published in Wesley Spreen, The Aerospace Business, 2019
So far, the daunting obstacle facing designers of electric aircraft is that, as mentioned earlier in this chapter, the energy density of batteries is much less than the energy density of jet fuel or gasoline. For an equivalent weight of its power supply, the range of an electric aircraft would be much less than an airplane powered by hydrocarbon-based fuel.
Engine performance
Published in Mohammad H. Sadraey, Aircraft Performance, 2017
As batteries improve, all-electric aircraft are emerging in the world. The aircraft PC-Aero Electra One with one seat and a maximum mass of 300 kg has an electric engine with a lithium-polymer battery that can generate an engine power of 160 kW. This aircraft has a maximum range of 400 km and a maximum endurance of 3 h. The electric self-launching glider Lange Antares 20E uses lithium-ion batteries and a 42 kW brushless DC electric motor.
Operational availability analysis of short-haul electric aeroplane using polynomial chaos expansion
Published in Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics, 2022
Mingkai Wang, Shuguang Zhang, Dalong Shi, Florian Holzapfel
Airworthiness regulations. The aeroplane is required to show the compliance with regulations by fulfilling the performance index (e.g. climb gradient, velocity) at certain nodes of mission profile (EASA 2009).Electric propulsion system. Compared to its conventional counterpart, the electric aircraft is driven by electrified engine system. Therein, the available voltage and power of batteries change regarding remaining capacity (Tremblay and Dessaint 2009) and discharging current (Doerffel and Sharkh 2006). Moreover, the power propagation among battery packs, motors, and propellers are subject to energy conservation principle (Wang et al. 2020).
Comparative energy and environmental assessment of battery technologies and alternative fuels in sustainable aviation
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2022
Based on current technologies, there are two kinds of electric aircrafts: more-electric aircraft and all-electric aircraft (Tie and Tan 2013). NASA is making substantial advancements for viable Electrified Aircraft Propulsion (EAP) through a blend of aircraft conceptual design studies and key tall-pole technologies (Ahmadi et al. 2017; Tie and Tan 2013). Figure 8 shows such aircraft configurations i) Turboelectric, ii) Partially Turboelectric, and iii) Hybrid Electric (The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 2021).
A hybrid reference current extraction technique with multi-functional capability for shunt active filter in all-electric aircraft
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2020
Kumar Reddy Cheepati, Nageswara Rao Maddala, Surya Kalavathi Munagala
The ‘all-electric aircraft’ so-called the more electric aircraft will overcome significant drawbacks found in the traditional civil aircraft and has appreciable advantages such as minimised fuel consumption, least maintenance and low operating costs. The concern electrical system does not require huge infrastructure and is very simple to construct. However, it suffers from the drawbacks such as less-power density than the hydraulic power and may have the risk of fire due to short circuit.