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chapter thirteen System of air vehicles
Published in Mo Jamshidi, Systems of Systems Engineering, 2017
The primary designation of airspace utilized within the NAS is class. There are seven classes, “A” through “G” (see Figure 13.1). In addition to classes, there are a variety of terms utilized to identify operational structures, hazards, and unique areas within the airspace [13]. Controlled and uncontrolled airspace are generic terms that broadly cover all airspace. These refer to the level of air traffic control required to operate within the airspace. Most controlled airspace has specific, predetermined dimensions. Uncontrolled airspace can be of almost any size. Class F and Class G are the only uncontrolled airspace classes, and the only uncontrolled airspace class used in the U.S. is Class G airspace. Except as noted in the following descriptions, the FAA normally is the controlling agency for each area of the NAS within the United States.
Pilots’ Willingness to Operate in Unmanned Aircraft System Integrated Airspace
Published in The International Journal of Aerospace Psychology, 2021
Lakshmi Vempati, Scott R. Winter, Stephen Rice, Valerie Gawron, John M. Robbins
The first research question (RQ1 – type of UAS integration: segregated or integrated) was interested in what impact the type of integration has on a pilot’s intentions of flying an aircraft in UAS integrated airspace. The results of the mixed ANOVA found that type of integration did not influence a pilot’s intentions to fly in airspace with mixed-mode operations. The second research question (RQ2 – type of UAS operation: Remotely piloted or fully autonomous) was interested in how the type of UAS operation would influence a pilot’s willingness to operate in UAS integrated airspace. The results found that type of UAS operation had no effect on willingness to fly. The third research question (RQ3 – Airspace Classification: Class B, C, D, E, or G) was interested in what influence airspace classification would have on willingness to operate in UAS integrated airspace. The results found that airspace classification significantly influenced pilots’ willingness to fly in a mixed-mode environment. An inspection of the individual airspace classes indicated that the average willingness score differed by airspace class, with the highest observed for Class B and the lowest observed for Class G. The last research question (RQ4) was interested in whether there would be an interaction among the variables. The results of the mixed ANOVA found one significant interaction between airspace classification and type of integration, suggesting that for a given airspace classification, pilots’ willingness differs depending on whether the operations are segregated or integrated. The small effect size for this significant interaction between airspace and type of integration suggests that further research is necessary to understand additional impacts on pilots’ willingness to operate in mixed-mode operations. No other interactions were observed and hence did not affect pilots’ willingness to operate in a mixed-mode environment.