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Cancer
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Elyce Cardonick, Charlotte Maggen, Puja Patel
Radiation therapy is usually postponed until postpartum. As the pregnancy advances, the fetus has increased proximity to the breast and radiation field increasing exposure risk. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with large tumors at presentation allows pathologic evidence of response to therapy which can be prognostic. The regimen used should adhere to the standard recommended chemotherapy regimens in the non-pregnant population [30]. The majority of pregnant women reported in the literature are treated with cyclophosphamide (C), doxorubicin (A) or epirubicin (E), with or without 5-fluouracil (5FU). AC or EC alone are preferable as recent evidence reveals no survival benefit of 5FU in breast cancer patients. A single study reported dose dense AC (every 2 weeks) but majority of case reports and small series administer AC every 3 weeks [44]. Currently doxorubicin is the preferred anthracycline to use during pregnancy and is commonly included in the regimens to treat various types of cancer during pregnancy. Data regarding the use of epirubicin in pregnancy is accumulating in Europe as it has lower myelotoxic and cardiotoxic properties and is better tolerated in non-pregnant patients. Transient neonatal cardiomyopathy has been reported after idarubicin exposure and the use of this anthracycline is not recommended during pregnancy [5, 6].
Chemotherapy in pregnancy
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Epirubicin is sometimes used instead of doxorubicin as it can have faster elimination and fewer side effects. It has been used in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lymphomas, gastric cancer, and lung cancer. There have been a few larger series describing the use of epirubicin in pregnancy. Azim et al. described the second-trimester administration of either doxorubicin or epirubicin to a total of 3 and 23 patients, respectively (84). They reported two preterm deliveries, no fetal anomalies, and normal development in all children.
Application of Biospeckle Laser Method for Drug Testing on Parasites
Published in P. Mereena Luke, K. R. Dhanya, Didier Rouxel, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas, Advanced Studies in Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2021
Mohammad Zaheer Ansari, Humberto Cabrera, Hilda C. Grassi, Ana Velásquez, Efrén D. J. Andrades, A. Mujeeb
In the experiment, liver infusion tryptose (LIT) was used as a medium for the growth of Epimastigote forms of T. cruzi at 28°C. The reaction mixture (100 μl) containing in a well was prepared by adding 5 μl of either a solution of Epirubicin (2 mg/ml in saline) or saline to 95 μl of LIT culture medium containing 2.4 × 105 parasites. A 100 μg.ml–1 concentration of Epirubicin was used in the assay well. The assay was carried out at room temperature (20–25°C).
Microscopic hematuria and pelvic ultrasonography could rule out flexible cystoscopy during surveillance for T1-low grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2023
Mohamed Awad, Ahmed M. Harraz, Hashim Farg, Hady S. Gabr, Doaa E. Sharaf, Mohamed Abou-El-Ghar, Ahmed S. El-Hefnawy, Yasser Osman
A retrospective analysis for prospectively collected data was conducted for patients undergoing surveillance after TURBT for T1-LG NMIBC in a tertiary referral center over a period of 12 months. The protocol of the study was approved by the institutional review board before patient enrollment, and written informed consent was taken (Mansoura Faculty of Medicine IRB: MS/15.08.68). The authors confirm the availability of, and access to, all original data reported in this study. All patients who underwent TURBT with initial pathology of T1-LG disease and were scheduled for surveillance were included. Grading was evaluated according to the WHO 2004 grading system. Patients with biopsy-proven high-grade or muscle-invasive disease, carcinoma in situ, gross hematuria, persistently positive urine culture, or had contracted bladder were excluded. All of our patients received immediate intravesical instillation of Epirubicin. Maintenance intravesical instillation was continued in due patients according to the EUA guidelines.
Surface modification of ureteral stents: development history, classification, function, and future developments
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Kaiguo Xia, Xudong Shen, Xiaojie Ang, Bingbing Hou, Yang Chen, Kaiping Zhang, Zongyao Hao
At present, the standard management for high-risk upper tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUC）is radical nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision, but for low-risk patients, kidney-sparing surgery will become the main treatment [84]. However, the recurrence rate of the tumor after kidney-sparing surgery is relatively high, and the ureteral stent needs to be indwelled in the ureter for drainage after surgery, which may lead to the dissemination of tumor cells, and even lead to intravesical implantation metastasis. Based on the above considerations, some scholars have developed special degradable anti-tumor stents to overcome tumor recurrence and spread while maintaining smooth drainage. Epirubicin is an antibiotic anti-tumor drug that achieves an anti-tumor effect by inhibiting the synthesis of DNA and RNA and it is often used in the treatment of urothelial cancer.
Efficacy of epi-1 modified epirubicin and curcumin encapsulated liposomes targeting-EpCAM in the inhibition of epithelial ovarian cancer cells
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2023
Yu-Jia Wang, Ling Tang, Xu-Hong Lu, Ji-Tao Liu, Yuan-Yuan Wang, Hong-Xia Geng, Xue-Tao Li, Quan An
Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a cellular programming mechanism that is essential for all multicellular organisms to control cell proliferation and eliminate harmful or unnecessary cells from the organism to maintain tissue homeostasis (Goldar et al.2015). One of the fundamental features of human cancer is the evasion of apoptosis, which leads to tumor development and can be an effective therapeutic strategy to inhibit cancer cell proliferation (Wong 2011). Epirubicin is one of the anthracyclines that inhibit many types of cancer by inducing apoptosis and inducing DNA damage (Huang et al.2018). The modulation of apoptotic signaling pathways by curcumin as a modulator in targeted liposomes is one of its most potent effects, inducing apoptosis in pre-cancer cells to halt cancer progression (Mortezaee et al.2019). As show in Figure 4(C–D), TUNEL assay was used to detect apoptosis of targeted liposomes in SKOV3 cells. The results showed dual drug loaded Epi-1-liposomes had the strongest apoptosis-inducing effect on SKOV3 cells, and the other liposomal groups were ranked in terms of their ability to induce apoptosis as dual drug loaded liposomes > epirubicin liposomes > curcumin liposomes > blank control. The results of the apoptosis assay confirmed that Epi-1-mediated synergistic effects of epirubicin and curcumin encapsulated in liposomes produced significant apoptosis due to effective cellular uptake and antiproliferative effects.